Background and objective

Nurses are well-placed in primary care, school and community settings to identify and manage paediatric overweight and obesity. This scoping review examined what types of nurse-led interventions have been undertaken for the prevention, treatment and management of obesity and overweight in infants, children and adolescents.

Design

Scoping review.

Data sources

CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE, ProQuest Central, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, and Scopus. Searches were undertaken from inception to 2019.

Methods

Database searches and handsearching were used to identify academic and grey literature, such as scientific reports and university theses and dissertations, on nurse-led interventions undertaken in school, primary health care and community settings. Studies focused on addressing overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, for studies published from 1999 onwards. Studies included focused on experimental and quasi-experimental research that implemented interventions, and described new practice or change in practice.

Results

117 references encompassing 83 studies or programs were selected for inclusion. 16 trials were analysed descriptively, and 67 trials were analysed descriptively and quantitatively. The analysis structured intervention settings and outcomes using the socioecological model, encompassing intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, organisation and policy factors. Studies included were clinically heterogeneous for intervention setting and multicomponent strategies. Education for nutrition, physical activity and behaviour change was the most common strategy used, and nutrition and physical activity knowledge most consistently improved after intervention. Nursing roles focused on education; counselling and behaviour change in primary care; advocacy in school and community environments; and implementing policy in child care settings. Fifty-four studies received financial or resource funding and support to implement the study. On sustainability, seven programs and two research studies were ongoing at time of writing.

Conclusions

While the clinical heterogeneity of studies makes synthesis of outcomes complex, it demonstrates the breadth of nursing interventions to address paediatric overweight and obesity. Incentives that encourage routine health promotion, upskilling of nurses, and embedding food and nutrition education into the school curricula, are suitable strategies that support nurse-led interventions against paediatric obesity.

Registration number

Not applicable.

Tweetable abstract

Scoping r/v – what interventions are led by nurses to address paediatric obesity? 83 studies investigate nurses’ work in school, primary health, community care.

中文翻译：

---

护士主导的预防和治疗婴儿、儿童和青少年超重和肥胖的干预措施：范围审查

背景和目标

护士在初级保健、学校和社区环境中处于有利地位，可以识别和管理儿科超重和肥胖症。该范围审查审查了已采取哪些类型的护士主导的干预措施来预防、治疗和管理婴儿、儿童和青少年的肥胖和超重。

设计

范围审查。

数据源

CINAHL、Cochrane 图书馆、Embase、MEDLINE、ProQuest Central、ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global 和 Scopus。从成立到 2019 年进行了搜索。

方法

数据库搜索和手工搜索被用来识别学术和灰色文献，例如科学报告和大学论文，关于在学校、初级卫生保健和社区环境中进行的护士主导的干预措施。研究侧重于解决儿童和青少年的超重和肥胖问题，用于 1999 年以后发表的研究。研究包括侧重于实施干预措施的实验和准实验研究，并描述了新的实践或实践中的变化。

结果

包含 83 项研究或计划的 117 篇参考文献被选择纳入。16项试验进行了描述性分析，67项试验进行了描述性和定量分析。该分析使用社会生态模型构建了干预设置和结果，包括个人、人际关系、社区、组织和政策因素。纳入的研究在干预设置和多组分策略方面具有临床异质性。营养、体育活动和行为改变教育是最常用的策略，干预后营养和体育活动知识得到最持续的改善。护理角色侧重于教育；初级保健中的咨询和行为改变；在学校和社区环境中进行宣传；并在儿童保育环境中实施政策。54 项研究获得了财政或资源资助和支持以实施该研究。在撰写本文时，关于可持续性的七个项目和两项研究正在进行中。

结论

虽然研究的临床异质性使结果的综合变得复杂，但它证明了护理干预措施的广度，以解决儿科超重和肥胖问题。鼓励常规健康促进、护士技能提升以及将食品和营养教育纳入学校课程的激励措施是支持以护士为主导的儿童肥胖干预措施的合适策略。

注册号码

不适用。

可推文摘要

r/v 范围界定——护士采取了哪些干预措施来解决儿童肥胖问题？83 项研究调查了护士在学校、初级保健、社区护理中的工作。