When the pressure fluctuations caused by turbulence vorticity in the boundary layer are scattered by a sharp trailing edge, acoustic energy is generated and propagated to the far field. This trailing edge noise is emitted from aircraft wings, turbomachinery blades, wind turbine blades, helicopter blades, etc. Being dominant at high frequencies, this trailing-edge noise is a key element that annoys human hearing. This article covers virtually the entire landscape of modern research into trailing-edge noise including theoretical developments, numerical simulations, wind tunnel experiments, and applications of trailing-edge noise. The theoretical approach includes Green’s function formulations, Wiener–Hopf methods that solve the mixed boundary-value problem, Howe’s and Amiet’s models that relate the wall pressure spectrum to acoustic radiation. Recent analytical developments for poroelasticity and serrations are also included. We discuss a hierarchy of numerical approaches that range from semi-empirical schemes that estimate the wall pressure spectrum using mean-flow and turbulence statistics to high-fidelity unsteady flow simulations such as Large Eddy Simulation (LES) or Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) that resolve the sound generation and scattering process based on the first-principles flow physics. Wind tunnel experimental research that provided benchmark data for numerical simulations and unravel flow physics is reviewed. In each theoretical, numerical, and experimental approach, noise control methods for mitigating trailing-edge noise are discussed. Finally, highlights of practical applications of trailing-edge noise prediction and reduction to wind turbine noise, fan noise, and rotorcraft noise are given. The current challenges in each approach are summarized with a look toward the future developments. The review could be useful as a primer for new researchers or as a reference point to the state of the art for experienced professionals.

当边界层中湍流涡度引起的压力波动被尖锐的后缘散射时，产生声能并传播到远场。这种后缘噪声是从飞机机翼、涡轮机械叶片、风力涡轮机叶片、直升机叶片等发出的。这种后缘噪声在高频中占主导地位，是干扰人类听觉的关键因素。本文几乎涵盖了后缘噪声现代研究的整个领域，包括理论发展、数值模拟、风洞实验和后缘噪声的应用。理论方法包括格林函数公式、解决混合边值问题的 Wiener-Hopf 方法、将壁压力谱与声辐射关联的 Howe 和 Amiet 模型。多孔弹性和锯齿的最新分析进展也包括在内。我们讨论了一系列数值方法，范围从使用平均流和湍流统计估计壁面压力谱的半经验方案到高保真非定常流动模拟，例如大涡模拟 (LES) 或直接数值模拟 (DNS)基于第一性原理流动物理解析声音的产生和散射过程。风洞实验研究为数值模拟和解开流动物理提供了基准数据。在每种理论、数值和实验方法中，都讨论了用于减轻后缘噪声的噪声控制方法。最后，重点介绍了后缘噪声预测和降低风力涡轮机噪声、风扇噪声、和旋翼机噪音。总结了每种方法当前的挑战，并展望了未来的发展。该评论可用作新研究人员的入门书或作为经验丰富的专业人员的最新技术参考点。