Earth system models are composed of coupled components that separately model systems such as the global atmosphere, ocean, and land surface. While these components are well developed, coupling them in a single system can be a significant challenge. Computational efficiency, accuracy, and stability are principal concerns. In this study we focus on these issues. In particular, implicit–explicit (IMEX) tight and loose coupling strategies are explored for handling different time scales. For a simplified model for the air–sea interaction problem, we consider coupled compressible Navier–Stokes equations with an interface condition. Under the rigid-lid assumption, horizontal momentum and heat flux are exchanged through the interface. Several numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the stability of the coupling schemes. We show both numerically and theoretically that our IMEX coupling methods are mass conservative for a coupled compressible Navier–Stokes system with the rigid-lid condition.

地球系统模型由耦合组件组成，这些组件分别对全球大气、海洋和陆地表面等系统进行建模。虽然这些组件开发得很好，但将它们耦合到单个系统中可能是一项重大挑战。计算效率、准确性和稳定性是主要关注点。在这项研究中，我们关注这些问题。特别是，探索了隐式-显式 (IMEX) 紧耦合和松耦合策略来处理不同的时间尺度。对于海气相互作用问题的简化模型，我们考虑具有界面条件的耦合可压缩 Navier-Stokes 方程。在刚盖假设下，水平动量和热通量通过界面进行交换。提出了几个数值实验来证明耦合方案的稳定性。