Salmonella is an animal and zoonotic pathogen of global importance. Depending on pathogen and host factors, infections can be asymptomatic or involve acute gastroenteritis or invasive disease. Genomic signatures associated with host-range, tissue tropism or differential virulence of Salmonella enterica serovars, and their variants, have emerged. In turn, it is becoming feasible to predict invasive potential, host-adaptation and zoonotic risk of Salmonella from sequence data to improve outbreak investigation, risk assessment and control strategies. Functional annotation of Salmonella genomes has accelerated with the screening of high-density mutant libraries, revealing host-specific, niche-specific and serovar-specific virulence factors. As natural hosts and reservoirs, farmed animals provide powerful insights into host-adaptation and pathogenesis of Salmonella not always evident from surrogate rodent or cell-based models.

沙门氏菌是一种具有全球重要性的动物和人畜共患病原体。根据病原体和宿主因素，感染可以是无症状的，也可以是急性胃肠炎或侵袭性疾病。与肠道沙门氏菌血清型及其变体的宿主范围、组织嗜性或差异毒力相关的基因组特征已经出现。反过来，从序列数据预测沙门氏菌的侵入潜力、宿主适应性和人畜共患病风险以改进暴发调查、风险评估和控制策略变得可行。沙门氏菌的功能注释随着高密度突变文库的筛选，基因组的发展加速，揭示了宿主特异性、生态位特异性和血清型特异性毒力因子。作为天然宿主和宿主，养殖动物为沙门氏菌的宿主适应和发病机制提供了强有力的见解，这在替代啮齿动物或基于细胞的模型中并不总是显而易见的。