The construction and destruction of mountain belts exert a first-order control in ecosystems by creating bridges and barriers for populations, modifying river-drainage networks and local and regional climate patterns. Several questions including How climate and tectonics control topographic growth and decay and what is the thermal and geological record of growth and decay? remain unclear and are subject of extensive research. Here we use geological data from the Antioquia Altiplano Province (AAP) in the Northern Andes to develop a 3D thermo-kinematic model that constrains past relief and exhumation rates. Results suggest that Late Cretaceous to Paleocene collision between the Caribbean Plateau and the continental margin caused high exhumation and formed a topography higher than present-day elevations. Between the late Paleocene and Oligocene, the reduction of tectonic activity caused thermal relaxation that drove regional bedrock cooling, while climatically-driven erosion significantly reduced relief, forming low-relief surfaces. During the Miocene, deformation and limited erosion resulted in a phase of Miocene topographic growth and low exhumation that preserved and deformed the previously formed low-relief surfaces. Our results demonstrate how mountain belts grow but also decay in response to the interactions and feedbacks between climate and tectonics.

山带的建设和破坏通过为人口创造桥梁和障碍、改变河流排水网络以及当地和区域气候模式，对生态系统发挥了一级控制作用。几个问题，包括气候和构造如何控制地形的生长和衰变以及生长和衰变的热和地质记录是什么？尚不清楚，是广泛研究的主题。在这里，我们使用来自安第斯山脉北部安蒂奥基亚高原 (AAP) 的地质数据来开发 3D 热运动学模型，该模型限制了过去的地势和挖掘率。结果表明，加勒比高原与大陆边缘之间的晚白垩世至古新世碰撞引起了大量的挖掘，并形成了高于当今海拔的地形。在晚古新世和渐新世之间，构造活动的减少导致热松弛，导致区域基岩变冷，而气候驱动的侵蚀显着减少了浮雕，形成了低浮雕的表面。在中新世期间，变形和有限的侵蚀导致了中新世地貌生长和低折返的阶段，使先前形成的低地貌表面得以保存和变形。我们的研究结果证明了山带如何随着气候和构造之间的相互作用和反馈而增长和衰减。变形和有限的侵蚀导致了中新世地貌生长和低折返的阶段，使先前形成的低起伏表面得以保存和变形。我们的研究结果证明了山带如何随着气候和构造之间的相互作用和反馈而增长和衰减。变形和有限的侵蚀导致了中新世地貌生长和低折返的阶段，使先前形成的低起伏表面得以保存和变形。我们的研究结果证明了山带如何随着气候和构造之间的相互作用和反馈而增长和衰减。