Infants enculturate to their soundscape over the first year of life, yet theories of how they do so rarely make contact with details about the sounds available in everyday life. Here, we report on properties of a ubiquitous early ecology in which foundational skills get built: music. We captured daylong recordings from 35 infants ages 6–12 months at home and fully double-coded 467 h of everyday sounds for music and its features, tunes, and voices. Analyses of this first-of-its-kind corpus revealed two distributional properties of infants’ everyday musical ecology. First, infants encountered vocal music in over half, and instrumental in over three-quarters, of everyday music. Live sources generated one-third, and recorded sources three-quarters, of everyday music. Second, infants did not encounter each individual tune and voice in their day equally often. Instead, the most available identity cumulated to many more seconds of the day than would be expected under a uniform distribution. These properties of everyday music in human infancy are different from what is discoverable in environments highly constrained by context (e.g., laboratories) and time (e.g., minutes rather than hours). Together with recent insights about the everyday motor, language, and visual ecologies of infancy, these findings reinforce an emerging priority to build theories of development that address the opportunities and challenges of real input encountered by real learners.

中文翻译：

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婴儿期的日常音乐

婴儿在生命的第一年就会适应他们的音景，但关于他们如何做到这一点的理论很少涉及日常生活中可用声音的细节。在这里，我们报告了一个普遍存在的早期生态的特性，在这个生态中建立了基本技能：音乐。我们捕获了 35 名 6-12 个月大的婴儿在家中的全天录音，并对 467 小时的音乐及其特征、曲调和声音的日常声音进行完全双重编码。对这个首创的语料库的分析揭示了婴儿日常音乐生态学的两个分布特性。首先，婴儿在超过一半的日常音乐中遇到声乐，在超过四分之三的日常音乐中遇到器乐。直播源产生了三分之一的日常音乐，而录制的源则占了四分之三的日常音乐。第二，婴儿在他们的日子里遇到的每一种曲调和声音的频率并不相同。相反，最可用的身份在一天中累积的秒数比在均匀分布下预期的要多得多。人类婴儿期日常音乐的这些特性不同于在高度受上下文（例如，实验室）和时间（例如，分钟而不是小时）限制的环境中发现的音乐。连同最近关于婴儿日常运动、语言和视觉生态学的见解，这些发现强化了建立发展理论的新兴优先事项，以解决真实学习者遇到的真实输入的机会和挑战。人类婴儿期日常音乐的这些特性不同于在高度受上下文（例如，实验室）和时间（例如，分钟而不是小时）限制的环境中发现的音乐。连同最近关于婴儿日常运动、语言和视觉生态学的见解，这些发现强化了建立发展理论的新兴优先事项，以解决真实学习者遇到的真实输入的机会和挑战。人类婴儿期日常音乐的这些特性不同于在高度受上下文（例如，实验室）和时间（例如，分钟而不是小时）限制的环境中发现的音乐。连同最近关于婴儿日常运动、语言和视觉生态学的见解，这些发现强化了建立发展理论的新兴优先事项，以解决真实学习者遇到的真实输入的机会和挑战。