We describe an ecological approach to understanding the developing brain, with a focus on the effects of poverty-related adversity on brain function. We articulate how combining multilevel ecological models from developmental science and developmental psychopathology with human neuroscience can inform our approach to understanding the developmental neuroscience of risk and resilience. To illustrate this approach, we focus on associations between poverty and brain function, the roles parents and neighborhoods play in this context, and the potential impact of developmental timing. We also describe the major challenges and needed advances in these areas of research to better understand how and why poverty-related adversity may impact the developing brain, including the need for: a population neuroscience approach with greater attention to sampling and representation, genetically informed and causal designs, advances in assessing context and brain function, caution in interpretation of effects, and a focus on resilience. Work in this area has major implications for policy and prevention, which are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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了解发育中的大脑的生态方法：将贫困、养育、社区和大脑联系起来的例子。

我们描述了一种理解大脑发育的生态方法，重点关注与贫困相关的逆境对大脑功能的影响。我们阐明了如何将发展科学和发展精神病理学的多层次生态模型与人类神经科学相结合，为我们理解风险和复原力的发展神经科学提供方法。为了说明这种方法，我们重点关注贫困与大脑功能之间的关联、父母和社区在这种情况下所扮演的角色，以及发育时间的潜在影响。我们还描述了这些研究领域面临的主要挑战和所需的进展，以更好地了解与贫困相关的逆境如何以及为何会影响发育中的大脑，包括需要：更加关注抽样和代表性的群体神经科学方法、遗传信息和因果设计、评估背景和大脑功能的进步、谨慎解释效果以及注重复原力。该领域的工作对政策和预防具有重大影响，对此进行了讨论。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。