Hyperglycemia is the hallmark of diabetes, and the associated oxidative stress is a major concern that invites an array of diabetic complications. The traditional practices of medicare are of great, current interest due to the high cost and side effects of conventional diabetic medications. The present in vitro study focuses on evaluating the potential of various A. occidentale root extracts for their antihyperglycemic and antioxidant potentials. The four different solvent extracts petroleum ether (PEAO), chloroform (CHAO), ethyl acetate (EAAO), and 80 % methanol (80 % MAO) of A. occidentale roots were evaluated for their total phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant capacity. Using MIN6 pancreatic β-cells, the cytotoxicity of the extracts was evaluated by MTT assay and the antidiabetic potential by quantifying the insulin levels by ELISA at a higher concentration of glucose. The effect of 80 % MAO on INS gene expression was determined by qRT PCR analysis. Among the four different solvent extracts of A. occidentale roots, 80 % MAO showed the highest concentration of phenolics (437.33 ± 0.03 µg GAE/mg), CHAO to be a rich source of flavonoids (46.04 ± 0.1 µg QE/mg) and with the highest total antioxidant capacity (1865.33 ± 0.09 µg AAE/ mg). Evaluation of the free radical scavenging and reducing properties of the extracts indicated 80 % MAO to exhibit the highest activity. The MTT assay revealed the least cytotoxicity of all four extracts. 80 % MAO enhanced INS up-regulation as well as insulin secretion even under high glucose concentration (27mM). The present study demonstrated that the A. occidentale root extracts have effective antihyperglycemic and antioxidative properties, together with the potential of normalizing the insulin secretory system of β-cells. Above mentioned properties have to be studied further by identifying the active principles of A. occidentale root extracts and in vivo effects. The prospect of the present study is identifying drug leads for better management of diabetes from the A. occidentale root extracts.

中文翻译：

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漆树根提取物在体外降低高血糖和氧化应激

高血糖是糖尿病的标志，相关的氧化应激是引起一系列糖尿病并发症的主要问题。由于传统糖尿病药物的高成本和副作用，医疗保险的传统做法在当前很受关注。目前的体外研究侧重于评估各种西洋参根提取物的抗高血糖和抗氧化潜力。评估了西洋参根的四种不同溶剂提取物石油醚 (PEAO)、氯仿 (CHAO)、乙酸乙酯 (EAAO) 和 80% 甲醇 (80% MAO) 的总酚类、类黄酮和抗氧化能力。使用 MIN6 胰腺 β 细胞，通过 MTT 测定评估提取物的细胞毒性，并通过 ELISA 在较高葡萄糖浓度下量化胰岛素水平来评估抗糖尿病潜力。通过 qRT PCR 分析确定了 80% MAO 对 INS 基因表达的影响。在 A. occidentale 根的四种不同溶剂提取物中，80% MAO 显示出最高浓度的酚类物质 (437.33 ± 0.03 µg GAE/mg)，CHAO 是黄酮类化合物的丰富来源 (46.04 ± 0.1 µg QE/mg)，并且最高的总抗氧化能力 (1865.33 ± 0.09 µg AAE/ mg)。对提取物的自由基清除和还原特性的评估表明，80% 的 MAO 表现出最高的活性。MTT 测定显示所有四种提取物的细胞毒性最低。即使在高葡萄糖浓度 (27mM) 下，80% MAO 也能增强 INS 上调以及胰岛素分泌。本研究表明，A. occidentale 根提取物具有有效的抗高血糖和抗氧化特性，以及使 β 细胞的胰岛素分泌系统正常化的潜力。必须通过确定西洋参根提取物的活性成分和体内作用来进一步研究上述特性。本研究的前景是从 A. occidentale 根提取物中确定用于更好地管理糖尿病的药物先导物。