The purpose of this study was to explore the application of serum amyloid A (SAA) in the outcome of upper respiratory tract infection in children by analyzing the correlation between the change of mean air temperature and the positive rate of SAA detection in children. Daily data on upper respiratory tract infection diseases and weather conditions were collected in 2016–2019. A quasi-Poisson regression with a distributed lag non-linear model was used to examine the association between temperature and SAA-positive rate. The positive rate of SAA had a moderate correlation with the temperature and a weak correlation with relative humidity. Low ambient temperature (7 °C, P₁) was related to the increase in the positive rate of SAA, with the effect lag for 0–7 days (RR 1.34 (1.19~1.74)). The increase in the SAA-positive case induced by 27 °C (P₇₅) could last for 0–14 days (RR 1.07 (1.01–1.08)), and high temperature (30 °C, P₉₉) could reduce the positive rate of SAA. Our findings add additional evidence to the adverse effects of sub-optimal ambient temperature and provide useful information for public health programs targeting pediatric patients.

本研究旨在通过分析平均气温变化与儿童SAA检测阳性率的相关性，探讨血清淀粉样蛋白A（SAA）在儿童上呼吸道感染预后中的应用。收集了 2016-2019 年上呼吸道感染疾病和天气状况的每日数据。使用具有分布滞后非线性模型的准泊松回归来检查温度与 SAA 阳性率之间的关联。SAA阳性率与温度呈中度相关，与相对湿度呈弱相关。环境温度低（7 °C，P ₁) 与 SAA 阳性率增加有关，效果滞后 0-7 天 (RR 1.34 (1.19~1.74))。_{27°C（P 75} ）诱导的SAA阳性病例增加可持续0-14天（RR 1.07（1.01-1.08）），高温（30°C，P ₉₉）可降低阳性率SAA 的。我们的研究结果为次优环境温度的不利影响增加了额外的证据，并为针对儿科患者的公共卫生计划提供了有用的信息。