Here we provide evidence for the presence of non-biting midges of the subfamily Chironominae in the Mesozoic, based on descriptions of exceptionally rare amber inclusions. The subfamily has already been reported, but based on a single and unspecified record from Late Cretaceous Taimyr amber (~84 Mya). That record is here revised and confirmed. Moreover, a new find in Burmese amber locates the temporal boundary of the subfamily back to the mid-Cretaceous (probably ~100 Mya). We describe two new genera assigned to the tribe Pseudochironomini: Mesoacentron gen. nov. with the species Mesoacentron kaluginae sp. nov. (Taimyr amber) and Palaeocentron gen. nov. with the species Palaeocentron krzeminskii sp. nov. (Burmese amber), the oldest known representative of the subfamily. The systematic position of the new taxa is discussed, and a key to the identification of adult males of extinct and extant Pseudochironomini genera is presented. Insights in the phylogeny and diversification tempo of the Chironominae and Pseudochironomini in the past are also provided.

中文翻译：

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通缉、追踪和鉴定：摇蚊亚科（摇蚊科，双翅目）的中生代非咬人蠓

在这里，我们根据对异常罕见的琥珀包裹体的描述，为中生代摇蚊亚科的非咬人蠓的存在提供了证据。该亚科已被报道，但基于晚白垩纪泰米尔琥珀（~84 Mya）的单一且未指定的记录。该记录在这里被修改和确认。此外，在缅甸琥珀中的一项新发现将亚科的时间边界定位到白垩纪中期（可能约为 100 Mya）。我们描述了分配给 Pseudochironomini 部落的两个新属：Mesoacentron gen。十一月 与物种 Mesoacentron kaluginae sp。十一月 （泰米尔琥珀）和Palaeocentron gen。十一月 与物种Palaeocentron krzeminskii sp。十一月 （缅甸琥珀），已知最古老的亚科代表。讨论了新分类群的系统定位，并提出了鉴定已灭绝和现存的 Pseudochironomini 属成年雄性的关键。还提供了过去摇蚊亚科和伪摇蚊属的系统发育和多样化节奏的见解。