Background & Purpose Primary prevention of COVID-19 has focused on encouraging compliance with specific behaviors that restrict contagion. This investigation sought to characterize engagement in these behaviors in U.S. adults early during the pandemic and to build explanatory models of the psychological processes that drive them. Methods US adults were recruited through Qualtrics Research Panels (N = 324; 55% female; Mage = 50.91, SD = 15.98) and completed 10 days of online reports of emotion, COVID-19 perceived susceptibility and worry, and recommended behaviors (social distancing, hand washing, etc.). Factor analysis revealed behaviors loaded on two factors suggesting distinct motivational orientations: approach and avoidance. Results Changes in approach and avoidance behaviors over the 10 days indicated large individual differences consistent with three types of participants. Discrete emotions, including fear, guilt/shame, and happiness were associated with more recommended behaviors. Fear and COVID-19 worry indirectly influenced each other to facilitate more behavioral engagement. While emotions and worry strongly predicted individual differences in behavior across the 10 days, they did not predict as well why behaviors occurred on one day versus another. Conclusions These findings suggest how daily affective processes motivate behavior, improving the understanding of compliance and efforts to target behaviors as primary prevention of disease.

中文翻译：

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是什么推动了全球大流行期间的预防性健康行为？情绪和担忧

背景和目的 COVID-19 的一级预防侧重于鼓励遵守限制传染的特定行为。这项调查旨在描述大流行早期美国成年人参与这些行为的特征，并建立驱动这些行为的心理过程的解释模型。方法 通过 Qualtrics 研究小组招募美国成年人（N = 324；55% 女性；Mage = 50.91，SD = 15.98）并完成 10 天的在线情绪报告、COVID-19 感知易感性和担忧以及推荐行为（社交距离、洗手等）。因素分析揭示了加载在两个因素上的行为，表明不同的动机取向：接近和回避。结果 10 天内接近和回避行为的变化表明，与三种类型的参与者一致的巨大个体差异。离散情绪，包括恐惧、内疚/羞耻和快乐，与更多推荐的行为相关。恐惧和 COVID-19 担忧间接地相互影响，以促进更多的行为参与。虽然情绪和担忧强烈预测了 10 天内行为的个体差异，但他们并没有预测为什么行为会发生在某一天而不是另一天。结论 这些研究结果表明日常情感过程如何激发行为、提高对顺从性的理解以及将行为作为疾病一级预防的努力。和幸福与更多的推荐行为有关。恐惧和 COVID-19 担忧间接地相互影响，以促进更多的行为参与。虽然情绪和担忧强烈预测了 10 天内行为的个体差异，但他们并没有预测为什么行为会发生在某一天而不是另一天。结论 这些研究结果表明日常情感过程如何激发行为、提高对顺从性的理解以及将行为作为疾病一级预防的努力。和幸福与更多的推荐行为有关。恐惧和 COVID-19 担忧间接地相互影响，以促进更多的行为参与。虽然情绪和担忧强烈预测了 10 天内行为的个体差异，但他们并没有预测为什么行为会发生在某一天而不是另一天。结论 这些研究结果表明日常情感过程如何激发行为、提高对顺从性的理解以及将行为作为疾病一级预防的努力。