Previous studies on in utero exposure to maternal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) or maternal active smoking and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have not been entirely consistent, and no studies have examined in utero cotinine concentrations as an exposure classification method. We measured cotinine in stored second trimester maternal serum for 498 ASD cases and 499 controls born in California in 2011–2012. We also obtained self-reported maternal cigarette smoking during and immediately prior to pregnancy, as well as covariate data, from birth records. Using unconditional logistic regression, we found no association between log10 cotinine concentrations and odds for developing ASD among children of non-smokers (aOR: 0.93 [95% CI: 0.69, 1.25] per ng/ml), which represents exposure to ETS, though there may be a possible interaction with race. We found no association between cotinine-defined smoking (≥3.08 ng/ml vs. <3.08 ng/ml) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.73 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.35, 1.54)) or self-reported smoking (aOR: 1.64 [95% CI: 0.65, 4.16]) and ASD. In one of the few studies of ETS and the first with measured cotinine, our results indicate no overall relationship between in utero exposure to tobacco smoke from maternal ETS exposure or active smoking, and development of ASD.

中文翻译：

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通过血清可替宁量化的子宫内烟草烟雾暴露与自闭症谱系障碍的关联


先前关于子宫内暴露于母亲环境烟草烟雾（ETS）或母亲主动吸烟与自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的研究并不完全一致，并且没有研究将子宫内可替宁浓度作为暴露分类方法进行检查。我们测量了 2011-2012 年出生于加利福尼亚州的 498 名 ASD 病例和 499 名对照者储存的妊娠中期母体血清中的可替宁。我们还获得了母亲在怀孕期间和怀孕前一刻吸烟的自我报告，以及出生记录中的协变量数据。使用无条件逻辑回归，我们发现 log10 可替宁浓度与非吸烟者儿童中患自闭症谱系障碍的几率之间没有关联（aOR：每 ng/ml 0.93 [95% CI：0.69, 1.25]），尽管这代表接触 ETS可能与种族存在相互作用。我们发现可替宁定义的吸烟（≥3.08 ng/ml vs. <3.08 ng/ml）（调整后优势比 [aOR]：0.73（95% 置信区间 [95% CI]：0.35, 1.54））或自身之间没有关联-报告吸烟（aOR：1.64 [95% CI：0.65，4.16]）和自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）。在 ETS 的少数研究之一和第一个测量可替宁的研究中，我们的结果表明，在子宫内因母亲 ETS 暴露或主动吸烟而接触烟草烟雾与 ASD 的发展之间没有总体关系。