Contrary to anti-black, cultural deficit logics that frame Black parenting as tied to the reproduction of social disadvantage, research shows that Black parents, and other parents of color, are agentic as they parent in direct response to the dominant racial order of the United States. In this paper, I review this scholarship and primarily focus on how Black parents approach raising children in the racialized worlds that they live in. To mitigate the disadvantages caused by racism, Black parents use various intentional racialized parenting approaches to instill in their children a resilience to a racist social world. The strategies used to cultivate resilience to racism exist in varied social and institutional contexts, and intertwine with how parents understand race, class, and identity. Laborious racialized parenting techniques do not solely matter at the micro-level as such practices are unevenly recognized by white-dominant social institutions. This uneven dynamic indicates how hegemonic norms of American parenting culture fit within a project of racial neoliberalism. Consequently, Black parents are structurally pushed to burden more responsibility to prepare their children to survive a deeply racist and hyper-competitive social world with no guarantee that such intensive, strategic parenting will be rewarded.

中文翻译：

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美国种族化的育儿方式

与将黑人养育与社会劣势的再生产联系在一起的反黑人的文化赤字逻辑相反，研究表明，黑人父母和其他有色人种父母在养育子女时是对美国占主导地位的种族秩序的直接反应。状态。在本文中，我回顾了这项奖学金，主要关注黑人父母如何在他们生活的种族化世界中抚养孩子。为了减轻种族主义造成的不利影响，黑人父母使用各种有意的种族化养育方法来向孩子灌输适应力到种族主义的社会世界。用于培养对种族主义的适应力的策略存在于不同的社会和制度环境中，并且与父母对种族、阶级和身份的理解交织在一起。费力的种族化养育技术不仅仅在微观层面上很重要，因为这种做法在白人主导的社会机构中得到了不均衡的认可。这种不平衡的动态表明美国育儿文化的霸权规范如何适应种族新自由主义的项目。因此，黑人父母在结构上被迫承担更多的责任，让他们的孩子准备好在一个充满种族主义和竞争激烈的社会世界中生存，而不能保证这种密集的、战略性的养育会得到回报。