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Theory of Mind From Observation in Cognitive Models and Humans
Topics in Cognitive Science ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-24 , DOI: 10.1111/tops.12553
Thuy Ngoc Nguyen 1 , Cleotilde Gonzalez 1
Affiliation  

A major challenge for research in artificial intelligence is to develop systems that can infer the goals, beliefs, and intentions of others (i.e., systems that have theory of mind, ToM). In this research, we propose a cognitive ToM framework that uses a well-known theory of decisions from experience to construct a computational representation of ToM. Instance-based learning theory (IBLT) is used to construct a cognitive model that generates ToM from the observation of other agents' behavior. The IBL model of the observer distinguishes itself from previous models of ToM that make unreasonable assumptions about human cognition, are hand-crafted for particular settings, complex, or unable to explain a cognitive development of ToM compared to human's ToM. The IBL model learns from the observation of goal-directed agents' behavior in a gridworld navigation task, and it infers and predicts the behaviors of the agents in new gridworlds across different degrees of decision complexity in similar ways to the way human observers do. We provide evidence for the alignment of the IBL observer's predictions under various levels of decision complexity. We also advance the demonstration of the IBL predictions using a classic test of false beliefs (the Sally–Anne test), which is commonly used to test ToM in humans. We discuss our results and the potential of the IBL observer model to improve human–machine interactions.

中文翻译:

认知模型和人类观察中的心智理论

人工智能研究的一个主要挑战是开发可以推断他人目标、信念和意图的系统(即,具有心智理论的系统,ToM)。在这项研究中,我们提出了一个认知 ToM 框架,该框架使用众所周知的经验决策理论来构建 ToM 的计算表示。基于实例的学习理论 (IBLT) 用于构建一个认知模型,该模型通过观察其他智能体的行为来生成 ToM。观察者的 IBL 模型与之前的 ToM 模型不同,这些模型对人类认知做出不合理的假设,是为特定环境手工制作的,复杂的或无法解释与人类 ToM 相比 ToM 的认知发展。IBL 模型从目标导向代理的观察中学习 网格世界导航任务中的行为,它以与人类观察者相似的方式推断和预测新网格世界中代理在不同决策复杂度下的行为。我们为 IBL 观察者的预测在不同级别的决策复杂性下的一致性提供了证据。我们还使用经典的错误信念测试(Sally-Anne 测试)推进 IBL 预测的演示,该测试通常用于测试人类的 ToM。我们讨论了我们的结果以及 IBL 观察者模型在改善人机交互方面的潜力。s 在不同级别的决策复杂度下的预测。我们还使用经典的错误信念测试(Sally-Anne 测试)推进 IBL 预测的演示,该测试通常用于测试人类的 ToM。我们讨论了我们的结果以及 IBL 观察者模型在改善人机交互方面的潜力。s 在不同级别的决策复杂度下的预测。我们还使用经典的错误信念测试(Sally-Anne 测试)推进 IBL 预测的演示,该测试通常用于测试人类的 ToM。我们讨论了我们的结果以及 IBL 观察者模型在改善人机交互方面的潜力。
更新日期:2021-06-24
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