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A flower with several secretions: anatomy, secretion composition, and functional aspects of the floral secretory structures of Chelonanthus viridiflorus (Helieae—Gentianaceae)
Protoplasma ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-23 , DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01652-y
Bianca El Ajouz 1 , Adriano Valentin-Silva 2 , Dayana Maria Teodoro Francino 3 , Valdnéa Casagrande Dalvi 1
Affiliation  

Floral secretory structures have been reported for Gentianaceae; however, morphoanatomical studies of these glands are rare. We described the development and secretory activity of the colleters and nectaries throughout the floral development of Chelonanthus viridiflorus. We collected flower buds, flowers at anthesis, and fruits to be investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. We performed histochemical tests on the secretion of colleters and used glycophyte to confirm the presence of glucose in nectar. Colleters are located on the ventral surface of sepals and nectaries occur in four regions: (i) the dorsal and (ii) ventral surfaces of sepals; (iii) apex of petals; and (iv) base of ovary. The colleters have a short peduncle and a secretory portion with homogeneous cells. They are active in flower buds and secrete polysaccharides and proteins. In flowers at anthesis, they begin to senescence presenting protoplast retraction, cell collapse, and lignification; these characteristics are intensified in fruit. The nectaries of sepals and petals have two to five cells surrounding a central cell through which the secretion is released. Nectaries are numerous, forming a nectariferous area on the dorsal surface of sepals, like that observed on petals, and can form isolated units on the ventral surface of sepals. They are active from flower buds to fruits. A region with secretory activity was identified at the base of the ovary. The secretion of colleters acts in the protection of developing organs, while nectaries are related to defenses against herbivores and the supply of nectar to potential robbers or pollinators.



中文翻译:

一朵有多种分泌物的花:Chelonanthus viridiflorus(Helieae-Gentianaceae)花分泌结构的解剖学、分泌物组成和功能方面

已经报道了龙胆科的花分泌结构;然而,对这些腺体的形态解剖学研究很少见。我们描述了在Chelonanthus viridiflorus花发育过程中收集器和蜜腺的发育和分泌活动. 我们收集了花蕾、开花时的花朵和果实,以使用光学和扫描电子显微镜进行研究。我们对收集器的分泌进行了组织化学测试,并使用糖植物来确认花蜜中葡萄糖的存在。收集器位于萼片的腹面,蜜腺出现在四个区域:(i)萼片的背侧和(ii)萼片的腹面;(iii) 花瓣的顶端;(iv) 子房基部。收集器有一个短花序梗和一个具有同质细胞的分泌部分。它们在花蕾中具有活性并分泌多糖和蛋白质。在开花的花中,它们开始衰老,表现为原生质体收缩、细胞塌陷和木质化;这些特征在水果中得到了强化。萼片和花瓣的蜜腺有两到五个细胞围绕着一个中央细胞,通过该细胞释放分泌物。蜜腺众多,在萼片的背面形成一个蜜腺区,与在花瓣上观察到的一样,并且可以在萼片的腹面形成孤立的单元。它们从花蕾到果实都很活跃。在卵巢底部发现了一个具有分泌活性的区域。收集器的分泌物起到保护发育器官的作用,而蜜腺则与防御食草动物和为潜在的强盗或传粉者提供花蜜有关。它们从花蕾到果实都很活跃。在卵巢底部发现了一个具有分泌活性的区域。收集器的分泌物起到保护发育器官的作用,而蜜腺则与防御食草动物和为潜在的强盗或传粉者提供花蜜有关。它们从花蕾到果实都很活跃。在卵巢底部发现了一个具有分泌活性的区域。收集器的分泌物起到保护发育器官的作用,而蜜腺则与防御食草动物和为潜在的强盗或传粉者提供花蜜有关。

更新日期:2021-06-24
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