Characteristic bone metabolism was observed in obesity and diabetes with controversial conclusions. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity may manifest increased bone mineral density. Also, obesity is more easily to occur in T2DM. Therefore, we infer that some factors may be linked to bone and obesity as well as glucose metabolism, which regulate all of them. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), belonging to the transforming growth factor- (TGF-) beta superfamily, regulate a diverse array of cellular functions during development and in the adult. More and more studies revealed that there exists a relationship between bone metabolism and obesity as well as glucose metabolism. BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, BMP7, and BMP9 have been shown to affect the pathophysiological process of obesity and glucose metabolism beyond bone metabolism. They may exert functions in adipogenesis and differentiation as well as insulin resistance. In the review, we summarize the literature on these BMPs and their association with metabolic diseases including obesity and diabetes.

中文翻译：

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BMP 家族在骨骼、肥胖和葡萄糖代谢中的潜在功能

在肥胖和糖尿病中观察到特征性骨代谢，但结论存在争议。2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 和肥胖症可能表现为骨矿物质密度增加。此外，肥胖更容易发生在 T2DM 中。因此，我们推断某些因素可能与骨骼和肥胖以及调节所有这些的葡萄糖代谢有关。骨形态发生蛋白 (BMP) 属于转化生长因子 (TGF-) β 超家族，在发育过程和成人中调节多种细胞功能。越来越多的研究表明，骨代谢与肥胖以及糖代谢之间存在关系。BMP2、BMP4、BMP6、BMP7 和 BMP9 已被证明除了影响骨代谢外，还影响肥胖和糖代谢的病理生理过程。它们可能在脂肪生成和分化以及胰岛素抵抗中发挥作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了关于这些 BMP 的文献及其与包括肥胖和糖尿病在内的代谢疾病的关系。