In this study, interviewer-based questionnaires of 67 variables were administered to local fabricators and end-users of single-pot biomass stoves (SPBS) in Ghana. Additionally, two randomly selected traditional and improved SPBS were lab-tested using standard performance metrics. From the study, the relationship between fabricators and end-users was conceptualized based on selected indicators and assumptions. The study results indicated that the primary design resources for fabrication were patterns and templates, and that major challenges to fabrication were lack of training in design principles, standards and safety, poor emission efficiency and financial sustainability. Whereas end-users of improved SPBS were less affected by heat and smoke, end-users of traditional SPBS were mostly affected. From hypothesis test, because the calculated χ2_cal = 24.05, and is greater than the tabulated χ2_crit = 3.841, it is concluded that there is a relationship between heat, smoke effect and gender, and that female end-users of traditional SPBS were particularly affected during cooking. The traditional SPBS emitted more CO₂ and CO than improved SPBS. Comparatively, 38% more end-users of traditional SPBS observed charcoal ash residue in the cooking area than improved SPBS users. Four basic practices of managing ashes from SPBS are developed. Finally, a fabricator and end-user framework are developed for energy sustainability and quality improvement.

中文翻译：

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单锅生物质炉的制造商和最终用户：开发能源可持续性框架的概念化、假设和性能指标

在这项研究中，对加纳单锅生物质炉灶 (SPBS) 的当地制造商和最终用户进行了基于访谈的问卷调查，其中包含 67 个变量。此外，使用标准性能指标对两个随机选择的传统和改进的 SPBS 进行了实验室测试。在研究中，制造商和最终用户之间的关系是根据选定的指标和假设来概念化的。研究结果表明，制造的主要设计资源是图案和模板，制造的主要挑战是缺乏设计原则、标准和安全方面的培训，排放效率低和财务可持续性差。改进型 SPBS 的最终用户受热和烟雾的影响较小，而传统 SPBS 的最终用户受到的影响最大。从假设检验，因为计算出的 χ2_cal = 24.05，并且大于表中的χ2 _crit = 3.841，可以得出结论，热量、烟雾效应和性别之间存在关系，传统SPBS的女性终端用户在烹饪过程中受到的影响尤其大。传统的SPBS比改进的SPBS排放更多的CO ₂和CO。相比之下，传统 SPBS 的最终用户在烹饪区观察到的木炭灰残留量比改进的 SPBS 用户多 38%。开发了四种管理来自 SPBS 的灰烬的基本做法。最后，为能源可持续性和质量改进开发了制造商和最终用户框架。