The lockdown of universities and educational institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the educational process. Saudi Arabia became a forerunner during COVID-19 by taking initial precautions of curfews and total restrictions. However, these restrictions had a disruptive effect on various sectors, specifically the educational sector. The Ministry of Education strived to cope with the consequences of these changes swiftly by shifting to online education. This paper aims to study the impact of COVID-19 on the educational process through a comparative study of the responses collected from different cases, and the challenges that are faced throughout the educational process. The study conducted a cross-sectional, self-administered online questionnaire during the outbreak and distance learning, which was designed based on the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework of students. Most questions used a five-point Likert scale. The responses were randomly collected from 150 undergraduate and postgraduate students who were studying in Saudi Arabian universities, to study the overall performance of education institutions during COVID-19. The collected data were analyzed and compared to the results in the literature. The main factors impacted by this transformation are addressed. These factors are based on research and observations and aim to overcome the encountered limitations and to present their level of impact on distance education. The research framework can be useful for higher educational authorities aiming to overcome the issues highlighted and discussed in this study.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 对沙特阿拉伯教育过程的影响：技术-组织-环境框架

COVID-19 大流行期间大学和教育机构的封锁对教育过程产生了负面影响。沙特阿拉伯通过采取宵禁和全面限制的初步预防措施，成为 COVID-19 期间的先行者。然而，这些限制对各个部门，特别是教育部门产生了破坏性影响。教育部通过转向在线教育，努力迅速应对这些变化的后果。本文旨在通过对从不同案例中收集到的回应以及整个教育过程中面临的挑战进行比较研究，研究 COVID-19 对教育过程的影响。该研究在疫情爆发和远程学习期间进行了横断面、自我管理的在线问卷调查，它是基于学生的技术-组织-环境（TOE）框架设计的。大多数问题使用李克特五点量表。这些回答是从 150 名在沙特阿拉伯大学学习的本科生和研究生中随机收集的，以研究 COVID-19 期间教育机构的整体表现。对收集到的数据进行分析并与文献中的结果进行比较。解决了受此转变影响的主要因素。这些因素基于研究和观察，旨在克服遇到的限制并展示它们对远程教育的影响程度。该研究框架对于旨在克服本研究中强调和讨论的问题的高等教育机构很有用。