Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and acute kidney injury (AKI) are important neonatal morbidities in premature infants. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between IVH and AKI in premature infants and whether this association affects the incidence of neonatal mortality. Infants [gestational age (GA) ≤ 32 weeks; birth weight (BW) < 1500 g] were retrospectively evaluated in a large tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. Of 710 premature infants, 268 (37.7%) developed AKI. Infants with IVH were more likely to have AKI than those without IVH. Infants with severe IVH had a higher incidence of AKI than infants with mild IVH. Infants younger than 28 weeks with IVH were more likely to have AKI than those without IVH. An association between IVH grades and AKI stages was observed in the overall study population, in infants with GA < 28 weeks, and in infants with GA between 28 and 32 weeks. Mortality was increased 1.5 times in infants with IVH and AKI compared with that in infants with IVH but without AKI. Furthermore, mortality was increased in infants with IVH and AKI compared with infants without IVH or AKI. This study shows a direct relationship between the severity of IVH and the degree of AKI; both IVH and AKI increase the incidence of neonatal mortality.

脑室内出血 (IVH) 和急性肾损伤 (AKI) 是早产儿的重要新生儿疾病。本研究旨在调查早产儿 IVH 和 AKI 之间的关系，以及这种关联是否影响新生儿死亡率的发生率。婴儿 [胎龄 (GA) ≤ 32 周；出生体重 (BW) < 1500 g] 在大型三级新生儿重症监护病房进行回顾性评估。在 710 名早产儿中，268 名 (37.7%) 发生了 AKI。与没有 IVH 的婴儿相比，患有 IVH 的婴儿更可能患有 AKI。重度 IVH 婴儿的 AKI 发生率高于轻度 IVH 婴儿。小于 28 周的 IVH 婴儿比没有 IVH 的婴儿更容易患 AKI。在整个研究人群中观察到 IVH 分级和 AKI 分期之间存在关联，在 GA < 28 周，以及 28 至 32 周之间的 GA 婴儿。与IVH但没有AKI的婴儿相比，IVH和AKI婴儿的死亡率增加了1.5倍。此外，与没有 IVH 或 AKI 的婴儿相比，患有 IVH 和 AKI 的婴儿的死亡率增加。这项研究表明 IVH 的严重程度与 AKI 的程度之间存在直接关系；IVH 和 AKI 都会增加新生儿死亡率。