ABSTRACT

The mid-twentieth century was a period of architectural idealism and rapid technological innovation paired with unprecedented growth in construction and built square footage. As design movements became global and mechanical systems evolved to provide ready access to heating and cooling, buildings became less climate responsive and more energy intensive to operate. Architecture of this time also celebrated structural innovation and novel materials, which led to frequent integration of structure, envelope, and systems. These characteristics resulted in a building stock with typically poor energy efficiency and new material challenges for conservation. Rather than a justification to tear down these buildings and replace them, their vast numbers and significant contributions to global greenhouse gas emissions are reasons why mid-century buildings must be effectively repurposed to meet climate goals while respecting their history. With the imperative to limit global warming to less than 2 degrees Celsius, reusing and upgrading these buildings provides a critical near-term carbon reduction strategy. This paper presents two case studies involving the reuse of undergraduate residence halls of this era. The first illustrates the substantial total carbon savings from restoration and reuse. The second proposes an analysis-based methodology for designing retrofits that optimize carbon payback of targeted interventions.

摘要

二十世纪中叶是一个建筑理想主义和快速技术创新的时期，伴随着建筑和建筑面积的空前增长。随着设计运动的全球化和机械系统的发展以提供随时可用的供暖和制冷设备，建筑物对气候的响应性降低，运行时能源密集度更高。这一时期的建筑也庆祝结构创新和新材料，这导致了结构、围护结构和系统的频繁集成。这些特性导致建筑存量通常能源效率低下，并且在保护方面面临新的材料挑战。而不是拆除这些建筑物并更换它们的理由，它们的数量众多且对全球温室气体排放做出了重大贡献，这就是为什么必须有效地重新利用本世纪中叶的建筑以实现气候目标，同时尊重其历史的原因。由于必须将全球变暖限制在 2 摄氏度以下，重新利用和升级这些建筑物提供了一项重要的近期碳减排战略。本文介绍了两个涉及这个时代本科宿舍再利用的案例研究。第一个说明了恢复和再利用带来的大量碳节省总量。第二个提出了一种基于分析的方法来设计改造，以优化目标干预措施的碳回报。重新利用和升级这些建筑物提供了一项重要的近期碳减排战略。本文介绍了两个涉及这个时代本科宿舍再利用的案例研究。第一个说明了恢复和再利用带来的大量碳节省总量。第二个提出了一种基于分析的方法来设计改造，以优化目标干预措施的碳回报。重新利用和升级这些建筑物提供了一项重要的近期碳减排战略。本文介绍了两个涉及这个时代本科宿舍再利用的案例研究。第一个说明了恢复和再利用带来的大量碳节省总量。第二个提出了一种基于分析的方法来设计改造，以优化目标干预措施的碳回报。