Over the past four decades, research on the natural history of HIV infection has described how HIV wreaks havoc on human immunity and causes AIDS. HIV host genomic research, which aims to understand how human genetic variation affects our response to HIV infection, has progressed from early candidate gene studies to recent multi-omic efforts, benefiting from spectacular advances in sequencing technology and data science. In addition to invading cells and co-opting the host machinery for replication, HIV also stably integrates into our own genome. The study of the complex interactions between the human and retroviral genomes has improved our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and suggested novel preventive and therapeutic approaches against HIV infection.

在过去的四十年里，关于 HIV 感染自然史的研究描述了 HIV 如何破坏人体免疫力并导致 AIDS。HIV 宿主基因组研究旨在了解人类遗传变异如何影响我们对 HIV 感染的反应，从早期的候选基因研究发展到最近的多组学研究，受益于测序技术和数据科学的惊人进步。除了入侵细胞和选择宿主机制进行复制外，HIV 还稳定地整合到我们自己的基因组中。对人类和逆转录病毒基因组之间复杂相互作用的研究提高了我们对致病机制的理解，并提出了针对 HIV 感染的新型预防和治疗方法。