Short-term investigations of atmospheric pollutants (PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO₂, NO₂, O₃, and CO) were performed during the Diwali festival over Varanasi for a period of six years from 2011 to 2016. Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) observed for the corresponding days of Diwali was found to be considerably much higher and even its value reached 2.0 for some Diwali years, which is basically almost 3-folds than the control days. The total scattering aerosol optical thickness as well as aerosol extinction co-efficient at 550 nm crossed the value of 1.0 in almost all the Diwali day cases. The associated meteorological conditions (low wind speed, declining temperature, lowered night-time boundary layer height, etc.) during the Diwali period leads to the detrimental accumulation of atmospheric pollutants near to the surface layer in Varanasi region. Moreover, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 concentrations were recorded much higher than the safer limits set by NAAQS for 24-hour mean values throughout the period of study. The concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 crossed beyond the safer limits and crossed 500 µg/m³ (in 2015) and 450 µg/m³ (in 2016) respectively, which is basically 5–6 times higher than the standard NAAQS limit. In comparison with the trace gases concentrations (e.g. SO₂, NO₂, O₃, and CO) on control day, it was observed higher on the respective Diwali day. Satellite data derived from MODIS (Aqua and Terra) have also been taken into account to observe and verify the unpropitious effects of fireworks for the chosen case. MODIS true-color images show dense smoke plumes and haze over the entire Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) on Diwali days of 2011–2016 with its continuation in the following days. Proper assessment and regular monitoring is needed in order to mitigate the localized air pollution due to this kind of festival by the local scale authority to the top-level environmentalists.

大气污染物短期调查（PM ₁₀ , PM _2.5 , SO ₂ , NO ₂ , O ₃, 和 CO) 于 2011 年至 2016 年在瓦拉纳西的排灯节期间进行了六年。 发现排灯节相应日子的气溶胶光学深度（AOD）要高得多，甚至其值达到 2.0一些排灯节年，基本上是对照天数的近 3 倍。在几乎所有排灯节的情况下，总散射气溶胶光学厚度以及 550 nm 处的气溶胶消光系数都超过了 1.0 的值。排灯节期间相关的气象条件（低风速、温度下降、夜间边界层高度降低等）导致瓦拉纳西地区靠近地表层的大气污染物有害积累。此外，PM ₁₀和 PM _2.5记录的浓度远高于 NAAQS 为整个研究期间 24 小时平均值设定的安全限值。PM ₁₀和 PM _2.5的浓度超过了安全限值，分别超过了 500 µg/m ³（2015 年）和 450 µg/m ³（2016 年），基本上是 NAAQS 标准限值的 5-6 倍。与痕量气体浓度（例如 SO ₂、NO ₂、O ₃, 和 CO) 在控制日，在相应的排灯节那天观察到更高。来自 MODIS（Aqua 和 Terra）的卫星数据也被考虑在内，以观察和验证烟花对所选案例的不利影响。MODIS 真彩色图像显示，在 2011 年至 2016 年排灯节期间，整个印度恒河平原 (IGP) 上都有浓密的烟羽和薄雾，并在接下来的几天里继续存在。需要适当的评估和定期监测，以减轻由于这种节日导致的局部空气污染，由当地规模的权威机构到顶级环保人士。