The PI3K-Akt signaling pathway plays an essential role in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Akt kinase is at the center of this signaling pathway and interacts with a variety of proteins. Overexpression of Akt has been found in almost 80% of tumors, however, inhibiting Akt has serious clinical side effects so is not a suitable treatment for cancer. During recent years, Akt scaffold proteins have received increasing attention for their ability to regulate Akt signaling and have emerged as potential targets for cancer therapy. In this paper, we categorize AKT kinase scaffold proteins into four groups based on their cellular location: membrane-bound activator and inhibitor, cytoplasm, and endosome. We describe how these scaffolds interact with Akt kinase, how they affect AKT activity, and how they regulate the specificity of Akt signaling. We also discuss the clinical application of Akt-scaffold proteins as targets for cancer therapy.

中文翻译：

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Akt 支架蛋白：控制 Akt 信号特异性的关键

PI3K-Akt 信号通路在调节细胞增殖和凋亡中起重要作用。Akt 激酶位于该信号通路的中心，并与多种蛋白质相互作用。在几乎 80% 的肿瘤中都发现了 Akt 的过度表达，但是，抑制 Akt 具有严重的临床副作用，因此不是癌症的合适治疗方法。近年来，Akt 支架蛋白因其调节 Akt 信号传导的能力而受到越来越多的关注，并已成为癌症治疗的潜在靶点。在本文中，我们根据其细胞位置将 AKT 激酶支架蛋白分为四组：膜结合激活剂和抑制剂、细胞质和内体。我们描述了这些支架如何与 Akt 激酶相互作用、它们如何影响 AKT 活性以及它们如何调节 Akt 信号的特异性。