There is a growing demand worldwide on smart nanofibrous membranes with waterproof and breathable performances owing to their wide potential in medical hygiene, wearable electronics, and outdoor clothing. Design of such high-performance materials based on environmentally friendly solvents is crucial but highly challenging. Here, we report a facile and powerful strategy to create environmentally friendly waterborne polyurethane nanofibrous membranes with high waterproofness and breathability using water-based emulsion electrospinning technique combined with heating treatment. The hydrophobic channels of waterborne polyurethane nanofibrous membranes with small pore size and high porosity are constructed using emulsion electrospinning technique by in-situ doping of water-based fluoropolymer and aziridine crosslinker combined with heating treatment. The resultant environmentally friendly nanofibrous membranes exhibit good hydrostatic pressure of 74.3 kPa, impressive air permeability of 9.3 mm s⁻¹, outstanding water vapor transmission rate of 12.8 kg m⁻² d⁻¹, and high elasticity of 67.4%, thus providing the high-level personal protection and comfortable microclimate in harsh environments. The successful construction of such intriguing nanofibrous membranes could serve as a source of inspiration for the green synthesis of other fibrous materials for a variety of applications.

由于其在医疗卫生、可穿戴电子产品和户外服装方面的广泛潜力，全球对具有防水和透气性能的智能纳米纤维膜的需求不断增长。这种基于环保溶剂的高性能材料的设计至关重要，但也极具挑战性。在这里，我们报告了一种简便而强大的策略，使用水性乳液静电纺丝技术结合加热处理来制造具有高防水性和透气性的环保水性聚氨酯纳米纤维膜。采用乳液静电纺丝技术通过原位掺杂水性含氟聚合物和氮丙啶交联剂并结合热处理，构建了具有小孔径和高孔隙率的水性聚氨酯纳米纤维膜的疏水通道。^-1、12.8 kg m ^-2 d ^-1出色的水蒸气透过率和67.4%的高弹性，从而在恶劣环境下提供高水平的个人防护和舒适的小气候。这种有趣的纳米纤维膜的成功构建可以作为其他纤维材料绿色合成用于各种应用的灵感来源。