Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive response of the heart to increased workload induced by various physiological or pathological stimuli. It is a common pathological process in multiple cardiovascular diseases, and it ultimately leads to heart failure. The development of cardiac hypertrophy is accompanied by gene expression reprogramming, a process that is largely dependent on epigenetic regulation. Histone modifications such as methylation and acetylation are dynamically regulated under cardiac stress. These consequently contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy via compensatory or maladaptive transcriptome reprogramming. Histone methylation and acetylation modifiers play crucial roles in epigenetic remodeling during the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. Regulation of histone methylation and acetylation modifiers serves as a bridge between signal transduction and downstream gene reprogramming. Exploring the role of histone modifiers in cardiac hypertrophy provides novel therapeutic strategies to treat cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. In this review, we summarize the recent advancements in functional histone methylation and acetylation modifiers in cardiac hypertrophy, with an emphasis on the underlying mechanisms and the therapeutic potential.

心脏肥大是心脏对各种生理或病理刺激引起的工作量增加的适应性反应。它是多种心血管疾病的共同病理过程，最终导致心力衰竭。心脏肥大的发展伴随着基因表达重编程，这一过程在很大程度上依赖于表观遗传调控。组蛋白修饰（例如甲基化和乙酰化）在心脏压力下受到动态调节。因此，这些通过代偿性或适应不良的转录组重编程导致心脏肥大的发病机制。组蛋白甲基化和乙酰化修饰剂在心脏肥大发病过程中的表观遗传重塑中起关键作用。组蛋白甲基化和乙酰化修饰剂的调节充当信号转导和下游基因重编程之间的桥梁。探索组蛋白修饰剂在心脏肥大中的作用为治疗心脏肥大和心力衰竭提供了新的治疗策略。在这篇综述中，我们总结了心脏肥大中功能性组蛋白甲基化和乙酰化修饰剂的最新进展，重点介绍了潜在机制和治疗潜力。