Nanoplastics (NPs) cause various adverse effects on marine fish. However, effects of dietary NPs exposure on liver lipid metabolism and muscle nutritional quality of carnivorous marine fish are not fully understood. In this study, a 21-day feeding test was conducted to simulate the food chain transfer of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS NPs) and then evaluate effects of different dietary PS NPs levels on the survival, growth performance, liver lipid metabolism, and muscle nutritional quality of large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. Results indicated that the survival and growth of large yellow croaker decreased with the increase of PS NPs levels. Moreover, PS NPs induced excessive liver lipid accumulation by down-regulating the expression of lipolysis-related genes and inhibiting the AMPK-PPARα signaling pathway. In vitro, PS NPs could be accumulated in hepatocytes, reduce cell viability, and disrupt lipid metabolism of hepatocytes. Also, we found for the first time that PS NPs altered fatty acid composition and texture of fish muscle by enhancing oxidative stress and disrupting lipid metabolism. Overall, this study indicated that PS NPs induced liver lipid deposition by inhibiting lipolysis, and demonstrated that PS NPs altered the nutritional quality of fish, which might cause potential health effects for human consumers.

纳米塑料 (NPs) 会对海洋鱼类造成各种不利影响。然而，膳食纳米颗粒暴露对肉食性海洋鱼类肝脏脂质代谢和肌肉营养品质的影响尚不完全清楚。本研究通过为期 21 天的喂养试验模拟聚苯乙烯纳米塑料 (PS NPs) 的食物链转移，然后评估不同膳食 PS NPs 水平对存活率、生长性能、肝脏脂质代谢和肌肉营养质量的影响。大黄鱼Larimichthys crocea. 结果表明，随着PS NPs水平的增加，大黄鱼的存活率和生长率下降。此外，PS NPs 通过下调脂解相关基因的表达和抑制 AMPK-PPARα 信号通路诱导肝脏脂质过度积累。在体外，PS NPs 可以在肝细胞中积累，降低细胞活力，并破坏肝细胞的脂质代谢。此外，我们首次发现 PS NPs 通过增强氧化应激和破坏脂质代谢来改变鱼肌肉的脂肪酸组成和质地。总体而言，这项研究表明 PS NPs 通过抑制脂肪分解诱导肝脏脂质沉积，并证明 PS NPs 改变了鱼类的营养品质，这可能对人类消费者造成潜在的健康影响。