The complex computations of the brain require a constant supply of blood flow to meet its immense metabolic needs. Perturbations in blood supply, even in the smallest vascular networks, can have a profound effect on neuronal function and cognition. Type 1 diabetes is a prevalent and insidious metabolic disorder that progressively and heterogeneously disrupts vascular signalling and function in the brain. As a result, it is associated with an array of adverse vascular changes such as impaired regulation of vascular tone, pathological neovascularization and vasoregression, capillary plugging and blood brain barrier disruption. In this review, we highlight the link between microvascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment that is commonly associated with type 1 diabetes, with the aim of synthesizing current knowledge in this field.

大脑的复杂计算需要持续的血流供应来满足其巨大的新陈代谢需求。即使在最小的血管网络中，血液供应的扰动也会对神经元功能和认知产生深远的影响。1 型糖尿病是一种普遍存在的隐匿性代谢疾病，它会逐渐且不均匀地破坏大脑中的血管信号传导和功能。因此，它与一系列不利的血管变化有关，例如血管张力调节受损、病理性新生血管形成和血管退化、毛细血管堵塞和血脑屏障破坏。在这篇综述中，我们强调了微血管功能障碍和认知障碍之间的联系，后者通常与 1 型糖尿病相关，旨在综合该领域的现有知识。