Stroke is a very common disease being the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The immune response subsequent to an ischemic stroke is a crucial factor in its physiopathology and outcome. This response is not limited to the injury site. In fact, the immune response to the ischemic process mobilizes mainly circulating cells which upon activation will be recruited to the injury site. When a stroke occurs, molecules that are usually retained inside the cell bodies are released into the extracellular space by uncontrolled cell death. These molecules can bind to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in circulating immune cells which are then activated, eliciting, although not exclusively, the inflammatory response to the stroke. In this review, we present an up-to-date summary of the role of the different peripheral immune cells in stroke as well as the role of TLR4 in the function of each cell type in ischemia. Also, we summarize the different antagonists developed against TLR4 and their potential as a pharmacological tool for stroke treatment.

中风是一种非常常见的疾病，是全世界死亡和残疾的主要原因。缺血性中风后的免疫反应是其病理生理学和结果的关键因素。这种反应不仅限于受伤部位。事实上，对缺血过程的免疫反应主要动员循环细胞，这些细胞在激活后将被募集到损伤部位。当中风发生时，通常保留在细胞体内的分子通过不受控制的细胞死亡释放到细胞外空间。这些分子可以与循环免疫细胞中的 Toll 样受体 4 (TLR4) 结合，然后被激活，引发（但不限于）对中风的炎症反应。在本次审查中，我们对不同外周免疫细胞在中风中的作用以及 TLR4 在缺血中每种细胞类型的功能中的作用进行了最新总结。此外，我们总结了针对 TLR4 开发的不同拮抗剂及其作为中风治疗药理学工具的潜力。