The Menstrual Disorder of Teenagers (MDOT) Study No. 2: Period ImPact and Pain Assessment (PIPPA) Tool Validation in a Large Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study of Australian Teenagers,Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology

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The Menstrual Disorder of Teenagers (MDOT) Study No. 2: Period ImPact and Pain Assessment (PIPPA) Tool Validation in a Large Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study of Australian Teenagers
Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-24 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2021.06.003
M A Parker ₁ , A L Kent ₂ , A Sneddon ₃ , J Wang ₄ , B Shadbolt ₅

Affiliation

Study Objective

To validate the Period ImPact and Pain Assessment (PIPPA) self-screening tool for menstrual disturbance in teenagers.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Three senior high schools in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Australia.

Participants

A total of 1066 girls between 15 and 19 years of age.

Interventions and Main Outcome Measures

A quantitative paper survey collected self-reports of menstrual bleeding patterns, typical and atypical symptoms, morbidities, and interference with daily activities. Multiple correspondence analysis was used to examine associations between PIPPA questions. Generalized linear models compared total score and subscores by validation criteria: pain, school absence, and body mass index (BMI). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the predictiveness of menstrual disturbance indicators by total PIPPA score.

Results

Reports of pain, interference, and concern within the PIPPA items and between both the MDOT and PIPPA questionnaires were significantly correlated (P < .0001). The indicator “missing school” was highly associated (P < .0001) with pain and interference. Obesity (BMI ≥30) was associated with higher PIPPA scores, as was underweight (BMI≤18.4). Where 0 = no disturbance, 5 = high disturbance, aggregated PIPPA scores found 75% scoring 0-2 (out of 5) and 25% scoring 3-5 (257/1037). High scores of 4 or 5 (out of 5) were 7% (72/1037) and 3.7% (38/1037), respectively.

Conclusion

PIPPA is a valid screening tool for pain-related menstrual disturbance that affects functioning in young women. PIPPA subdomains of pain/interference have good validity relative to indicators of pain and interference and are responsive to age, BMI, and school absence differences.

中文翻译：

青少年月经失调 (MDOT) 研究第 2 号：对澳大利亚青少年进行的大规模基于人口的横断面研究中的经期影响和疼痛评估 (PIPPA) 工具验证

学习目标

验证用于青少年月经紊乱的经期影响和疼痛评估 (PIPPA) 自我筛查工具。

设计

横断面研究。

环境

澳大利亚首都领地 (ACT) 的三所高中。

参与者

共有 1066 名 15 至 19 岁的女孩。

干预措施和主要结果措施

一项定量纸质调查收集了关于月经出血模式、典型和非典型症状、发病率和日常活动干扰的自我报告。多重对应分析用于检查 PIPPA 问题之间的关联。广义线性模型通过验证标准比较总分和子分数：疼痛、缺课和体重指数 (BMI)。受试者工作特征曲线用于通过总 PIPPA 评分评估月经紊乱指标的预测性。

结果

PIPPA 项目内以及 MDOT 和 PIPPA 问卷之间的疼痛、干扰和关注报告显着相关 ( P < .0001)。“失学”指标与疼痛和干扰高度相关（ P < .0001）。肥胖（BMI≥30）与较高的 PIPPA 评分相关，体重过轻（BMI≤18.4）也是如此。其中 0 = 无干扰，5 = 高度干扰，总 PIPPA 分数发现 75% 得分 0-2（满分 5）和 25% 得分 3-5 (257/1037)。4 分或 5 分（满分 5 分）的高分分别为 7% (72/1037) 和 3.7% (38/1037)。