Reproduction is controlled by a sequential regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. The HPG axis integrates multiple inputs to maintain proper reproductive functions. It has long been demonstrated that stress alters fertility. Nonetheless, the central mechanisms of how stress interacts with the reproductive system are not fully understood. One of the major pathways that is activated during the stress response is the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In this review, we discuss several aspects of the interactions between these two neuroendocrine systems to offer insights to mechanisms of how the HPA and HPG axes interact. We have also included discussions of other systems, for example GABA-producing neurons, where they are informative to the overall picture of stress effects on reproduction.

生殖是通过下丘脑-垂体-性腺（HPG）轴的顺序调节来控制的。HPG 轴集成了多个输入以维持正常的生殖功能。长期以来，人们已经证明压力会改变生育能力。尽管如此，压力与生殖系统相互作用的核心机制尚不完全清楚。应激反应期间激活的主要通路之一是下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺 (HPA) 轴。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了这两个神经内分泌系统之间相互作用的几个方面，以深入了解 HPA 和 HPG 轴如何相互作用的机制。我们还讨论了其他系统，例如产生 GABA 的神经元，它们为压力对生殖影响的整体情况提供了信息。