The article discusses the ubiquity of portrait series of Polish, Bohemian, and Hungarian rulers and determines their place in what Michael Billig calls “the dialectic of collective remembering and forgetting, and of imagination and unimaginative repetition” (: 10), which formed the national identifications of Poles, Czechs, and Hungarians in the nineteenth century. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the broad reception of the cycles along with the wide range of functions which they played in daily life in relation to interpretations of history, the imagined past, and the culture of Poles, Czechs, and Hungarians.

中文翻译：

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十九世纪波兰、波西米亚、匈牙利统治者肖像系列解读

这篇文章讨论了波兰、波西米亚和匈牙利统治者肖像系列的无处不在，并确定了他们在迈克尔·比利格所说的“集体记忆和遗忘、想象和缺乏想象力的重复的辩证法”（：10）中的位置，形成了民族十九世纪波兰人、捷克人和匈牙利人的身份认同。本文的目的是展示周期的广泛接受以及它们在日常生活中与历史解释、想象的过去以及波兰人、捷克人和匈牙利人的文化相关的广泛功能。