The Bemba Appeal Judgment undermines confident prospects that the International Criminal Court could make a greater use of charges alleging command responsibility. This judgment introduces serious uncertainties in the law on command responsibility, in particular by reflecting long-lasting disputes concerning this doctrine on the ‘all necessary and reasonable measures’ element under Article 28 of the Rome Statute. The Bemba Appeal Judgment, indeed, includes a controversial evaluation of the relevance of a commander’s motivations in taking measures and of her geographical remoteness from the crime scene. This Article analyses these issues through the lenses of International Humanitarian Law and of fundamental principles of International Criminal Law, in particular the principle of legality and the principle of individual culpability.

本巴上诉判决破坏了国际刑事法院可以更多地利用指控指挥责任的指控的信心前景。该判决在指挥责任法中引入了严重的不确定性，特别是反映了关于罗马规约第 28 条规定的“一切必要和合理措施”要素的这一学说的长期争议。事实上，本巴上诉判决包括对指挥官采取措施的动机的相关性以及她远离犯罪现场的地理位置的有争议的评估。本文从国际人道法和国际刑法基本原则，特别是合法性原则和个人责任原则的角度分析这些问题。