Philosophy of Science, understood as a special philosophical discipline, was born only at the beginning of the twentieth century as part of the effort for overcoming the “foundational crisis” that had affected especially mathematics and physics. Therefore, it was conceived as an investigation about the features and reliability of scientific knowledge and for a few decades was deeply marked by the philosophical approach of logical empiricism. This cognitive point of view persisted also when, after Kuhn’s work, the attention focused on the scientific activity in order to understand scientific change and a sociological model replaced the view that empirical adequacy and logical consistency are the factors that determine the change of scientific theories. Ethical, social and political considerations regarding science ware considered inappropriate and potentially dangerous since they violate the alleged “neutrality of science” with respect to values. Nevertheless, the strict intertwining of science and technology in contemporary “technoscience” has produced a wide debate regarding the practical aspect of technoscientific activity that has the intrinsic features of a philosophical debate. Therefore, it is natural and advisable that the entire wealth of the philosophical disciplines (and not just logic, ontology, epistemology and philosophy of language) be called to contribute to the specific complex discourse of the Philosophy of Science.

科学哲学被理解为一门特殊的哲学学科，它诞生于 20 世纪初，作为克服特别影响数学和物理学的“基础危机”的努力的一部分。因此，它被认为是对科学知识的特征和可靠性的调查，几十年来，它被逻辑经验主义的哲学方法深深地打上了烙印。当库恩的工作之后，注意力集中在科学活动上时，这种认知观点仍然存在为了理解科学变化，社会学模型取代了经验充分性和逻辑一致性是决定科学理论变化的因素的观点。关于科学产品的伦理、社会和政治考虑被认为是不适当的和潜在危险的，因为它们违反了所谓的“科学中立性”的价值观。然而，科学与技术在当代“技术科学”中的严格交织已经产生了关于技术科学活动的实践方面的广泛争论。这具有哲学辩论的内在特征。因此，将哲学学科的全部财富（而不仅仅是逻辑、本体论、认识论和语言哲学）召集到科学哲学的特定复杂话语中是很自然和可取的。