The recent discovery of binary neutron star mergers has opened a new and exciting venue of research into hot and dense strongly interacting matter. For the first time, this elusive state of matter, described by the theory of quantum chromo dynamics, can be studied in two very different environments. On the macroscopic scale, in the collisions of neutron stars; and on the microscopic scale, in collisions of heavy ions at particle collider facilities. We will discuss the conditions that are created in these mergers and the corresponding high energy nuclear collisions. This includes the properties of quantum chromo dynamics matter, that is, the expected equation of state as well as expected chemical and thermodynamic properties of this exotic matter. To explore this matter in the laboratory, a new research prospect is available at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research, FAIR. The new facility is being constructed adjacent to the existing accelerator complex of the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research at Darmstadt/Germany, expanding the research goals and technical possibilities substantially. The worldwide unique accelerator and experimental facilities of FAIR will open the way for a broad spectrum of unprecedented research supplying a variety of experiments in hadron, nuclear, atomic, and plasma physics as well as biomedical and material science, which will be briefly described.

中文翻译：

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从宇宙物质到实验室

最近发现的双中子星并合为研究热而致密的强相互作用物质开辟了一个令人兴奋的新领域。量子色动力学理论描述的这种难以捉摸的物质状态第一次可以在两种截然不同的环境中进行研究。在宏观尺度上，在中子星的碰撞中；在微观尺度上，在粒子对撞机设施中重离子的碰撞。我们将讨论在这些合并和相应的高能核碰撞中产生的条件。这包括量子色动力学物质的特性，即这种奇异物质的预期状态方程以及预期的化学和热力学特性。为了在实验室探索这个问题，FAIR 的反质子和离子研究设施提供了一个新的研究前景。新设施与位于德国达姆施塔特的 GSI 亥姆霍兹重离子研究中心现有的加速器综合体相邻，极大地扩展了研究目标和技术可能性。FAIR 全球独一无二的加速器和实验设施将为广泛的史无前例的研究开辟道路，提供各种强子、核、原子和等离子体物理以及生物医学和材料科学的实验，将对其进行简要介绍。大幅扩展研究目标和技术可能性。FAIR 全球独一无二的加速器和实验设施将为广泛的史无前例的研究开辟道路，提供各种强子、核、原子和等离子体物理以及生物医学和材料科学的实验，将对其进行简要介绍。大幅扩展研究目标和技术可能性。FAIR 全球独一无二的加速器和实验设施将为广泛的史无前例的研究开辟道路，提供各种强子、核、原子和等离子体物理以及生物医学和材料科学的实验，将对其进行简要介绍。