SummaryThe Makira Natural Park (Makira) is the largest terrestrial protected area in Madagascar, supporting nearly 200,000 people living around the park, who derive a significant proportion of their animal-source foods from hunting. Makira is currently managed with three different policies: (1) traditional management with no external assistance; (2) community-based forest management (Gestion Contractualisée des Forêts; GCF) with non-governmental support and externally developed policies; and (3) strict external management policies (Zone d’Occupation Controlée; ZOC), meaning a zone of controlled residence for communities inside the core protected area. Here, we longitudinally assess the impacts of these policies on wildlife hunting and consumption by using a difference-in-differences method to evaluate policy efficacy. We found that externally developed conservation policies led to drastically reduced wildlife hunting and consumption in Makira. We also found that public education in the form of environmental awareness-raising, conducted 1 year before adoption, led to a greater concealment of hunting behaviours. Overall, wildlife hunting and consumption have decreased in the Makira region since the adoption of GCF and ZOC policies and could be effective at reducing the unsustainable wildlife hunting across the Makira, particularly when supported by economic development and the creation of alternative sources of livelihood and food.

中文翻译：

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保护政策对马达加斯加东北部野生动物狩猎和消费的影响

摘要马奇拉自然公园 (Makira) 是马达加斯加最大的陆地保护区，公园周围有近 20 万人居住，他们的大部分动物源性食物来自狩猎。Makira 目前采用三种不同的政策进行管理：（1）没有外部援助的传统管理；(2) 以社区为基础的森林管理 (Gestion Contractualisée des Forêts; GCF）与非政府支持和外部制定的政策；(3) 严格的外部管理政策（职业控制区; ZOC），意思是核心保护区内社区的受控居住区。在这里，我们通过使用差异中的差异方法来评估政策效力，纵向评估这些政策对野生动物狩猎和消费的影响。我们发现，外部制定的保护政策导致 Makira 的野生动物狩猎和消费大幅减少。我们还发现，在收养前 1 年进行的以提高环境意识的形式进行的公共教育会导致更大程度地隐藏狩猎行为。总体而言，自 GCF 和 ZOC 政策实施以来，Makira 地区的野生动物狩猎和消费有所减少，并且可以有效减少整个 Makira 不可持续的野生动物狩猎，