Mast cells are a central immune cell population that are crucial in allergic responses. They secrete granule contents and cytokines and produce a panel of lipid mediators in response to FcεRI-dependent or independent stimuli. Leukotrienes and prostaglandins derived from ω6 arachidonic acid, or specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators derived from ω3 eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, exert pleiotropic effects on various cells in the tissue microenvironment, thereby positively or negatively regulating allergic responses. Mast cells also express the inhibitory receptors CD300a and CD300f, which recognize structural lipids. CD300a or CD300f binding to externalized phosphatidylserine or extracellular ceramides, respectively, inhibits FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation. The inhibitory CD300-lipid axis downregulates IgE-driven, mast cell-dependent type I hypersensitivity through different mechanisms. Herein, we provide an overview of our current understanding of the biological roles of lipids in mast cell-dependent allergic responses.

肥大细胞是对过敏反应至关重要的中枢免疫细胞群。它们分泌颗粒内容物和细胞因子，并产生一组脂质介质以响应 FcεRI 依赖或独立的刺激。源自 ω6 花生四烯酸的白三烯和前列腺素，或源自 ω3 二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的专门的促分解脂质介质，对组织微环境中的各种细胞发挥多效作用，从而正向或负向调节过敏反应。肥大细胞还表达识别结构脂质的抑制性受体 CD300a 和 CD300f。CD300a 或 CD300f 分别与外化的磷脂酰丝氨酸或细胞外神经酰胺结合，抑制 FcεRI 介导的肥大细胞活化。抑制性 CD300-脂质轴下调 IgE 驱动，肥大细胞依赖性 I 型超敏反应通过不同的机制。在此，我们概述了我们目前对脂质在肥大细胞依赖性过敏反应中的生物学作用的理解。