This paper explores the ambiguous Persian Achaemenid attitude towards the horse and the lion. It examines the way these animals appear in imperial official presentations, local artifacts throughout the empire and Greek textual representations. In the case of the stallion, it looks at the imagery of horse riding or the place of the horse in society and religion alongside the employment of steeds in chariots. Images of the lion are addressed in instances where it appears to be respected as having a significant protective power and as the prey of the chase. This paper attempts to show that this ambiguity corresponds roughly to the dual image of the Persians as both pre-imperial/nomad and imperial/sedentary (and hence allegedly luxurious), a schism that is manifest in both the self-presentation of the Achaemenids and in the Greek texts.

中文翻译：

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阿契美尼德波斯的马和狮子：二元性的表现

本文探讨了波斯阿契美尼德人对马和狮子的模棱两可的态度。它研究了这些动物在帝国官方展示、整个帝国的当地文物和希腊文本中的出现方式。就种马而言，它着眼于骑马的形象或马在社会和宗教中的地位，以及在战车上使用骏马。狮子的图像在某些情况下被处理，因为它似乎具有显着的保护能力并被视为追逐的猎物。本文试图表明这种模糊性大致对应于波斯人作为前帝国/游牧民族和帝国/久坐不动（因此据称是奢侈的）的双重形象，这种分裂体现在阿契美尼德王朝和在希腊文本中。