There have been giant leaps in the field of education in the past 1–2 years.. Schools and colleges are transitioning online to provide more resources to their students. The COVID-19 pandemic has provided students more opportunities to learn and improve themselves at their own pace. Online proctoring services (part of assessment) are also on the rise, and AI-based proctoring systems (henceforth called as AIPS) have taken the market by storm. Online proctoring systems (henceforth called as OPS), in general, makes use of online tools to maintain the sanctity of the examination. While most of this software uses various modules, the sensitive information they collect raises concerns among the student community. There are various psychological, cultural and technological parameters need to be considered while developing AIPS. This paper systematically reviews existing AI and non-AI-based proctoring systems. Through the systematic search on Scopus, Web of Science and ERIC repositories, 43 paper were listed out from the year 2015 to 2021. We addressed 4 primary research questions which were focusing on existing architecture of AIPS, Parameters to be considered for AIPS, trends and Issues in AIPS and Future of AIPS. Our 360-degree analysis on OPS and AIPS reveals that security issues associated with AIPS are multiplying and are a cause of legitimate concern. Major issues include Security and Privacy concerns, ethical concerns, Trust in AI-based technology, lack of training among usage of technology, cost and many more. It is difficult to know whether the benefits of these Online Proctoring technologies outweigh their risks. The most reasonable conclusion we can reach in the present is that the ethical justification of these technologies and their various capabilities requires us to rigorously ensure that a balance is struck between the concerns with the possible benefits to the best of our abilities. To the best of our knowledge, there is no such analysis on AIPS and OPS. Our work further addresses the issues in AIPS in human and technological aspect. It also lists out key points and new technologies that have only recently been introduced but could significantly impact online education and OPS in the years to come.

在过去的一两年里，教育领域发生了巨大的飞跃。学校和学院正在转向在线，以便为学生提供更多资源。 COVID-19 大流行为学生提供了更多按照自己的节奏学习和提高自己的机会。在线监考服务（评估的一部分）也在兴起，基于人工智能的监考系统（以下称为AIPS）席卷了市场。在线监考系统（以下称为 OPS）通常利用在线工具来维护考试的神圣性。虽然该软件大部分使用各种模块，但它们收集的敏感信息引起了学生社区的担忧。开发 AIPS 时需要考虑各种心理、文化和技术参数。本文系统地回顾了现有的人工智能和非人工智能监考系统。通过对 Scopus、Web of Science 和 ERIC 存储库的系统检索，列出了 2015 年至 2021 年的 43 篇论文。我们解决了 4 个主要研究问题，重点是 AIPS 的现有架构、AIPS 需要考虑的参数、趋势和AIPS 中的问题和 AIPS 的未来。我们对 OPS 和 AIPS 的 360 度分析表明，与 AIPS 相关的安全问题正在成倍增加，并且引起了合理的关注。主要问题包括安全和隐私问题、道德问题、对基于人工智能的技术的信任、缺乏技术使用培训、成本等等。很难知道这些在线监考技术的好处是否大于其风险。 我们目前可以得出的最合理的结论是，这些技术及其各种功能的道德合理性要求我们严格确保尽我们最大的能力在担忧与可能的利益之间取得平衡。据我们所知，AIPS和OPS还没有这样的分析。我们的工作进一步解决了 AIPS 中人力和技术方面的问题。它还列出了最近才推出但可能在未来几年对在线教育和 OPS 产生重大影响的关键点和新技术。