ABSTRACT

Characterized by inequalities along gender, income, caste, and ethnic differences, urban areas are especially vulnerable to climate risks. Recognizing this, cities are adapting through infrastructural, ecosystem-based, institutional, and behavioural interventions at multiple scales. However, the extent to which these interventions enable or constrain the achievement of specific Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) remains unclear. Using a systematic review, we evaluate the impacts of urban adaptation options on SDG 5 (gender equality), This review highlights that the urban adaptation literature tends to focus inordinately on women's differential (and additional) vulnerability to climate risks with limited evidence on the gendered outcomes of adaptation interventions. We find that although some adaptations such as urban agriculture interventions unequivocally increase agency for women, early warning systems and building risk awareness through public messaging showed mixed effects, with the outcomes depending on the implementation of the intervention and socio-cultural context. Further, the analysis indicates that adaptations such as urban agriculture can positively impact agency but, may show negative interactions with other indicators such as women's paid and unpaid work. We also identify key knowledge gaps and reflect on expanding the scope of SDG 5 to take a more intersectional and relational approach to gender equality.

摘要

城市地区的特点是性别、收入、种姓和种族差异方面的不平等，特别容易受到气候风险的影响。认识到这一点，城市正在通过多尺度的基础设施、生态系统、制度和行为干预来适应。然而，这些干预措施在多大程度上促成或限制了具体可持续发展目标 (SDG) 的实现，目前尚不清楚。我们通过系统审查评估城市适应方案对可持续发展目标 5（性别平等）的影响，该审查强调城市适应文献往往过度关注女性对气候风险的差异（和额外）脆弱性，而关于性别化的证据有限。适应干预的结果。我们发现，虽然都市农业干预等一些适应措施明确增加了妇女的能动性，但早期预警系统和通过公共信息建立风险意识显示出混合效果，其结果取决于干预措施的实施和社会文化背景。此外，分析表明城市农业等适应措施可以对能动性产生积极影响，但可能与其他指标（如女性有偿和无偿工作）产生负面影响。我们还确定了关键的知识差距，并思考扩大可持续发展目标 5 的范围，以采取更具交叉性和相关性的方法来实现性别平等。结果取决于干预措施的实施和社会文化背景。此外，分析表明城市农业等适应措施可以对能动性产生积极影响，但可能与其他指标（如女性有偿和无偿工作）产生负面影响。我们还确定了关键的知识差距，并思考扩大可持续发展目标 5 的范围，以采取更具交叉性和相关性的方法来实现性别平等。结果取决于干预措施的实施和社会文化背景。此外，分析表明城市农业等适应措施可以对能动性产生积极影响，但可能与其他指标（如女性有偿和无偿工作）产生负面影响。我们还确定了关键的知识差距，并思考扩大可持续发展目标 5 的范围，以采取更具交叉性和相关性的方法来实现性别平等。