ABSTRACT

Research has shown that idealized beauty presented in mass media can have a detrimental effect on body satisfaction, and these idealized images often stem from digital alterations. Consequently, countries like France and Israel employ disclaimers that inform viewers about the use of such modifications. Previous research, primarily conducted with adult women, has pointed out that these disclaimers are ineffective in reducing the perceived realism of the presented images, leading to negative effects on women’s body satisfaction. However, we know little about the effectiveness of such disclaimers for tweens and teens (TT). Using a two-study design, we firstly developed an adolescent-inspired disclaimer in two cocreation workshops with students (N = 47; aged 12–14 years). Secondly, we examined the effectiveness of this newly developed disclaimer in an experimental setting (N = 186; participants aged 10–19 years). We compared the new disclaimer to the existing one as well as to a condition in which there was no disclaimer. Results indicated that disclaimers are a rather unsuccessful way of disclosing the lack of realism of media images for TT, underlining the urgency of developing more effective media literacy measures.

IMPACT SUMMARY

a. Prior State of Knowledge:

Beauty ideals are shaped by media, but these are often set using digitally altered images. Some countries employ disclaimers that inform viewers about alterations. Previous research indicates that these disclaimers are not effective in balancing detrimental effects of unrealistic beauty ideals among adults.

b.Novel Contributions:

This study focuses on adolescents and considers image alterations on social media. In a cocreation workshop we developed a disclaimer with adolescents, which we employed in an experimental study. Results underline that disclaimers are rather unsuccessful in disclosing the lack of realism of media images.

c. Practical Implications:

Disclaimers are not a sufficient media literacy measure. Yet, as young audiences are so frequently confronted with altered and perfected images (particularly online), it seems crucial to educate them about these practices in specific media literacy programs.

摘要

研究表明，大众媒体中呈现的理想化美感会对身体满意度产生不利影响，而这些理想化的图像通常源于数字变化。因此，法国和以色列等国家/地区采用免责声明，告知观众此类修改的使用。先前主要针对成年女性进行的研究指出，这些免责声明无法有效降低所呈现图像的真实感，从而对女性的身体满意度产生负面影响。但是，我们对此类免责声明对青少年 (TT) 的有效性知之甚少。使用双研究设计，我们首先在与学生的两个共同创作研讨会中开发了一个青少年启发的免责声明（N= 47; 12-14 岁）。其次，我们在实验环境中检验了这一新开发的免责声明的有效性（N = 186；参与者年龄在 10-19 岁之间）。我们将新的免责声明与现有的免责声明以及没有免责声明的情况进行了比较。结果表明，免责声明是一种相当不成功的方式来揭示 TT 媒体图像缺乏真实性，强调了制定更有效的媒体素养措施的紧迫性。

影响总结

一种。先前的知识状态：

美丽的理想是由媒体塑造的，但这些往往是使用数字修改的图像来设定的。一些国家/地区采用免责声明，告知观众有关更改。先前的研究表明，这些免责声明在平衡成年人中不切实际的美丽理想的不利影响方面无效。

b.小说贡献：

本研究侧重于青少年，并考虑社交媒体上的形象改变。在一个共同创作研讨会上，我们针对青少年制定了一项免责声明，并在一项实验研究中使用了该免责声明。结果强调，免责声明在披露媒体图像缺乏真实性方面相当不成功。

C。实际影响：

免责声明不是一个充分的媒体素养衡量标准。然而，由于年轻观众经常面临改变和完善的图像（尤其是在线），因此在特定的媒体素养计划中对他们进行有关这些做法的教育似乎至关重要。