The large-scale deployment of carbon capture technologies is expected to play a crucial role in efforts to meet stringent climate targets set forth by the Paris Agreement, but current models rely heavily upon carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategies for which viability at the gigatonne scale is uncertain. While most 1.5 and 2 °C scenarios project rapid decarbonization of the energy sector facilitated by carbon capture and sequestration (CCS), they generally assume that CCS units can only capture ∼90% of the CO₂ in coal and natural gas combustion flues because this was previously considered the optimal condition for aqueous amine scrubbers. In this Perspective, we discuss a small but growing body of literature that examines the prospect of moving significantly beyond 90% capture—a concept we term deep CCS—in light of recent developments in materials and process design. The low incremental costs associated with performing varying degrees of deep CCS suggest that this approach is not only feasible but may also alleviate burdens placed upon CDR techniques facing significant barriers to large-scale deployment. We estimate that rapid deployment of deep CCS in deep decarbonization pathways could avoid more than 1 gigatonne of CO₂ globally each year. The principles of deep CCS could also be applied directly to the CDR strategy of employing bioenergy with CCS, which could lead to a significant alleviation of the land and freshwater burden associated with this technology.

中文翻译：

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深度 CCS：超越 90% 的二氧化碳捕获

碳捕获技术的大规模部署预计将在实现《巴黎协定》规定的严格气候目标的努力中发挥关键作用，但目前的模型严重依赖二氧化碳去除 (CDR) 策略，其在千兆吨级规模上的可行性是不确定的。虽然大多数 1.5 和 2 °C 情景都预测了由碳捕获和封存 (CCS) 促进的能源部门的快速脱碳，但他们通常假设 CCS 装置只能捕获约 90% 的 CO ₂在煤和天然气燃烧烟道中，因为这以前被认为是水性胺洗涤器的最佳条件。在这个视角中，我们讨论了少量但不断增长的文献，这些文献根据材料和工艺设计的最新发展，探讨了显着超越 90% 捕获（我们称之为深度 CCS 的概念）的前景。与执行不同程度的深度 CCS 相关的低增量成本表明，这种方法不仅可行，而且还可以减轻 CDR 技术面临的大规模部署重大障碍的负担。我们估计在深度脱碳路径中快速部署深度 CCS 可以避免超过 1 吉吨的 CO ₂全球每年。深度 CCS 的原理也可以直接应用于将生物能源与 CCS 结合使用的 CDR 策略，这可以显着减轻与该技术相关的土地和淡水负担。