ABSTRACT

Who deserves credit for the map of detailed soundings taken in the James River in the summer of 1617, the foundation for all subsequent navigation in Virginia for the next half century? This essay proposes that the chartmaker is not a pirate, as previously suggested, but one Marmaduke Raynor, a trained and experienced seaman who might have been commissioned by the Virginia Company of London as part of a new initiative. The original map is no longer extant, but was copied, perhaps surreptitiously, and then used by the famous Dutch mapmakers of the Vingboons family for their chart of the ‘Powhatan River’ of 1639.

中文翻译：

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Marmaduke Raynor 和 1617 年弗吉尼亚州詹姆斯河地图

摘要

谁值得为 1617 年夏天在詹姆斯河拍摄的详细水深图而功劳，这是接下来半个世纪在弗吉尼亚州所有后续航海的基础？这篇文章提出制图者不是海盗，如前所述，而是 Marmaduke Raynor，一位训练有素且经验丰富的海员，可能是受伦敦弗吉尼亚公司委托作为一项新计划的一部分。原始地图已不复存在，但可能是被偷偷复制了，然后被 Vingboons 家族的著名荷兰制图师用于 1639 年的“Powhatan 河”图表。