In this paper, a novel test setup was proposed to perform mechanical and waterproof tests for rubber gaskets used in tunnel segmental joints. Based on the newly developed setup, it is available to simulate typical joint deformation observed during construction and operation stages, e.g., opening, offset, rotation, and eccentric compression. The components and configurations of the setup were presented in detail. Special treatments were subsequently illustrated for ensuring water pressure loading and rational leakage mode. The setup was applied using test specimens obtained from a rapid rail transit shield tunnel under design. Four groups of gasket mechanical tests and 22 groups of gasket waterproof tests were carried out to evaluate the reliability and functionality of the setup. The load-deformation relationship was adopted to demonstrate gasket-in-groove mechanical behavior, while the factors influencing gasket waterproofness were also considered through analyzing the sealant capacity measured under different conditions. The results show that there exists a close correlation between the mechanical and waterproof performance of gaskets. Deterioration of gasket waterproofness generally occurs due to joint offset. Positive and negative joint rotation leads to the opposite variation trend of sealing performance for gaskets. The water leakage phenomenon observed in tests shows good agreement with the field survey results. The developed test setup and methodology provide novel insights into the waterproof examination of gaskets in complex situations.

在本文中，提出了一种新的测试装置来对隧道管片接头中使用的橡胶垫圈进行机械和防水测试。基于新开发的设置，它可以模拟在施工和运行阶段观察到的典型接头变形，例如打开、偏移、旋转和偏心压缩。详细介绍了设置的组件和配置。随后说明了为确保水压加载和合理的泄漏方式而进行的特殊处理。使用从正在设计的快速轨道交通盾构隧道中获得的测试样本来应用该设置。进行了四组垫片机械测试和 22 组垫片防水测试，以评估该装置的可靠性和功能性。采用载荷-变形关系来证明垫圈槽中的力学行为，同时通过分析不同条件下测量的密封胶容量，还考虑了影响垫圈防水性的因素。结果表明，垫片的力学性能和防水性能之间存在密切的相关性。垫片防水性的恶化通常是由于接头偏移而发生的。正反接头旋转导致垫片密封性能的变化趋势相反。试验中观察到的漏水现象与现场调查结果吻合较好。开发的测试设置和方法为复杂情况下垫圈的防水检查提供了新的见解。同时通过分析不同条件下测得的密封胶容量，也考虑了影响垫片防水性的因素。结果表明，垫片的力学性能和防水性能之间存在密切的相关性。垫片防水性的恶化通常是由于接头偏移而发生的。正反接头旋转导致垫片密封性能的变化趋势相反。试验中观察到的漏水现象与现场调查结果吻合较好。开发的测试设置和方法为复杂情况下垫圈的防水检查提供了新的见解。同时通过分析不同条件下测得的密封胶容量，也考虑了影响垫片防水性的因素。结果表明，垫片的力学性能和防水性能之间存在密切的相关性。垫片防水性的恶化通常是由于接头偏移而发生的。接头正反旋转导致垫片密封性能的变化趋势相反。试验中观察到的漏水现象与现场调查结果吻合较好。开发的测试设置和方法为复杂情况下垫圈的防水检查提供了新的见解。结果表明，垫片的力学性能和防水性能之间存在密切的相关性。垫片防水性的恶化通常是由于接头偏移而发生的。正反接头旋转导致垫片密封性能的变化趋势相反。试验中观察到的漏水现象与现场调查结果吻合较好。开发的测试设置和方法为复杂情况下垫圈的防水检查提供了新的见解。结果表明，垫片的力学性能和防水性能之间存在密切的相关性。垫片防水性的恶化通常是由于接头偏移而发生的。正反接头旋转导致垫片密封性能的变化趋势相反。试验中观察到的漏水现象与现场调查结果吻合较好。开发的测试设置和方法为复杂情况下垫圈的防水检查提供了新的见解。试验中观察到的漏水现象与现场调查结果吻合较好。开发的测试设置和方法为复杂情况下垫圈的防水检查提供了新的见解。试验中观察到的漏水现象与现场调查结果吻合较好。开发的测试设置和方法为复杂情况下垫圈的防水检查提供了新的见解。