In this study, we develop an econometric model to identify and investigate the determinants of carbon emission by full-service airline carriers for international transportation. The econometric model explores the ${\mathit{CO}}_2$ emission determinants for the three largest full-service carriers in the US aviation sector. The econometric model uses the fixed effect panel data regression technique to investigate the causal relationship between aviation carbon emission and its determinants. Based on the significant determinants and major technological innovation-based factors, we further design a simulation model to gauge the impact of each attribute on total carbon emissions of the airlines when the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme in International Aviation (CORSIA) is implemented. The findings suggest that the adoption of alternative biofuels and CORSIA implementation are necessary steps towards a carbon neutral future. Useful insights on route configuration and adoption of fuel-efficient aircraft fleet are also discussed.

在这项研究中，我们开发了一个计量经济学模型来识别和调查提供全方位服务的国际运输航空公司碳排放的决定因素。计量经济学模型探讨了${\mathit{二氧化碳}}_2$美国航空业三大全方位服务航空公司的排放决定因素。计量经济模型采用固定效应面板数据回归技术研究航空碳排放与其决定因素之间的因果关系。基于重要的决定因素和主要的技术创新因素，我们进一步设计了一个模拟模型来衡量在国际航空碳抵消和减排计划（CORSIA）实施时每个属性对航空公司碳排放总量的影响。研究结果表明，采用替代生物燃料和实施 CORSIA 是迈向碳中和未来的必要步骤。还讨论了有关路线配置和采用节油飞机机队的有用见解。