The formation of geological disasters, such as earthquakes and rock bursts, is a process similar to avalanches. These sudden disasters are closely related to a series of discontinuous cracks. In this study, the relationship between the damage process and the jerk phenomenon (sharp change in stress during loading) of rocks was revealed by evaluating the acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of sandstone under triaxial compression. The results show that most of the AE signals during the loading process were low-energy tensile signals. The aggregation and transfer of these low-energy signals could induce jerks. The proportion of high-energy shear signals was very low; however, the high-energy shear signals could induce the jerk phenomenon. Sandstone failure is a process of local failure and stress concentration transfer within the rock. The forms of gather and transfer are different at each loading step. Overall, the transfer law indicates that the damage area disperses to the edge of the sample and then concentrates to the center. The stress transfer and local damage of rocks are accompanied by a series of jerks. This study provides a better understanding of the rock failure process and provides theoretical support for the prevention and early warning of geological disasters.

地震、岩爆等地质灾害的形成，是一个类似于雪崩的过程。这些突如其来的灾害与一系列不连续的裂缝密切相关。在这项研究中，通过评估砂岩在三轴压缩下的声发射 (AE) 特性，揭示了损伤过程与岩石的急动现象（加载过程中应力的急剧变化）之间的关系。结果表明，加载过程中的大部分声发射信号为低能拉伸信号。这些低能量信号的聚集和转移可能会导致抽搐。高能剪切信号的比例非常低；然而，高能剪切信号可能会诱发急动现象。砂岩破坏是岩石内部局部破坏和应力集中转移的过程。每个装载步骤的聚集和转移形式都不同。总体而言，转移规律表明损伤区域向样品边缘扩散，然后向中心集中。岩石的应力传递和局部损伤伴随着一系列的猛烈冲击。该研究为更好地了解岩石破坏过程提供了理论依据，为地质灾害的预防和预警提供了理论支持。