Purpose

The purpose of this study is to critically evaluate how conventional and Islamic banks trade off risk, efficiency and financial performance in their business models, to investigate how patterns of risk and efficiency vary between conventional and Islamic banks and to critically evaluate how the profitability of conventional and Islamic banks varies following the financial crisis.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses univariate and multivariate statistical techniques by investigating 12 Islamic banks and 34 conventional banks operating in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region has been studied over the period 2011–2018.

Findings

The results suggest that Islamic and conventional banks differ not in the levels of efficiency, risk and profitability, but rather in how risk and efficiency influence banks’ financial performance. Islamic banks are found to be less influenced by the adverse effects of credit risk, which is consistent with the risk-sharing nature of Islamic financing. However, the results only hold for return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) while the net interest margin is observed to be negatively influenced by credit risk. Lower cost-income efficiency is also found to boost ROA and ROE of Islamic banks which could be attributed to a larger share of non-interest revenues due to Sharīʿah-compliance.

Research limitations/implications

From a theoretical point of view, this study helps to understand the risk, efficiency and financial performance of Islamic banks in comparison with conventional banks.

Practical implications

The results of this study can serve bank managers, regulators and shareholders. Policymakers should encourage a more risk-sharing structure of Islamic financing as it brings less adverse effects of credit risk and increases income sustainability for Islamic banks. The present study may help bank managers to improve the financial performance of their firms by controlling risk and efficiency. The study results also have implications for shareholders and depositors of Islamic and conventional banks as they should have a predetermined position about the level of credit risk and efficiency in each banking system.

Originality/value

The foremost contribution is that this is one of the few studies to compare risk, efficiency and financial performance of Islamic and conventional banks in the GCC region. By using the latest data, this paper hopes that the findings will be more relevant than previous studies to the current situation of the banking industry in the region.

中文翻译：

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海湾合作委员会银行业的风险、效率和财务表现：伊斯兰银行与传统银行

目的

本研究的目的是批判性地评估传统银行和伊斯兰银行如何在其业务模式中权衡风险、效率和财务绩效，调查传统银行和伊斯兰银行之间的风险和效率模式如何变化，并批判性地评估传统银行的盈利能力如何和伊斯兰银行在金融危机之后有所不同。

设计/方法/方法

本研究使用单变量和多变量统计技术，调查了 2011 年至 2018 年期间在海湾合作委员会 (GCC) 地区运营的 12 家伊斯兰银行和 34 家传统银行。

发现

结果表明，伊斯兰银行和传统银行的不同不在于效率、风险和盈利水平，而在于风险和效率如何影响银行的财务业绩。发现伊斯兰银行受信用风险不利影响的影响较小，这与伊斯兰融资的风险分担性质一致。然而，结果仅适用于资产回报率 (ROA) 和股本回报率 (ROE)，而净息差被观察到受信用风险的负面影响。较低的成本收入效率也被发现提高了伊斯兰银行的 ROA 和 ROE，这可能归因于由于遵守 Sharīʿah 的非利息收入的更大份额。

研究限制/影响

从理论的角度来看，本研究有助于了解伊斯兰银行与传统银行相比的风险、效率和财务业绩。

实际影响

本研究结果可为银行管理者、监管者和股东服务。政策制定者应鼓励采用更多风险分担的伊斯兰融资结构，因为这样可以减少信用风险的不利影响并提高伊斯兰银行的收入可持续性。本研究可以帮助银行经理通过控制风险和效率来提高其公司的财务绩效。研究结果对伊斯兰银行和传统银行的股东和存款人也有影响，因为他们应该对每个银行系统的信用风险和效率水平有一个预先确定的立场。

原创性/价值

最重要的贡献是，这是为数不多的比较海湾合作委员会地区伊斯兰银行和传统银行的风险、效率和财务业绩的研究之一。通过使用最新数据，本文希望研究结果比以往的研究更适合该地区银行业的现状。