Edamame is a vegetable-typesoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] with large seed size, typically twice that of commodity soybean. Understanding the genetic diversity among large-seeded germplasm as well as the genetic variation for seed size in the germplasm pool is important for edamame breeding. The objectives of this study were to analyze the genetic diversity of 343 edamame soybean accessions and 36 breeding lines, and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with seed weight (SW), seed volume (VOL), seed length (SL), seed breadth (SB), and seed height (SH) through genome-wide association studies. We observed two main genetic groups among the 343 accessions and found that the breeding lines were genetically dissimilar to germplasm accessions. Through single- and multi-locus models, a total of two, two, seven, one, and four SNPs were reported to be associated with SW, VOL, SL, SB, and SH located across two, two, five, one, and four chromosomes, respectively. There were three SNPs associated with SL, SB, and/or SH that were not found to be within a previously reported SL, SB, or SH QTL. The SNP ss715587475, positioned at the 24.9-Mb position on chromosome 4, was located within the gene Glyma04g21680 which was associated with SW in Arabidopsis and may be a candidate gene for SW in edamame soybean. There were four additional SNPs positioned within genes that encode proteins that may relate to plant growth and development in soybean. Identifying and pyramiding favorable alleles for seed size and weight will enhance edamame breeding efforts.

中文翻译：

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蔬菜大豆种质中种子重量和大小的遗传多样性评价和关联作图

毛豆是一种植物型大豆 [ Glycine max(L.) Merr.] 种子大，通常是商品大豆的两倍。了解大种子种质之间的遗传多样性以及种质库中种子大小的遗传变异对于毛豆育种很重要。本研究的目的是分析 343 个毛豆种质和 36 个育种系的遗传多样性，并确定与种子重量 (SW)、种子体积 (VOL)、种子长度 (SL)、通过全基因组关联研究，种子宽度（SB）和种子高度（SH）。我们观察了 343 个种质中的两个主要遗传组，发现育种品系与种质种质在遗传上不同。通过单位点和多位点模型，共有 2、2、7、1 和 4 个 SNP 被报道与 SW、VOL、SL、SB、和 SH 分别位于两条、两条、五条、一条和四条染色体上。有 3 个与 SL、SB 和/或 SH 相关的 SNP 未被发现在先前报告的 SL、SB 或 SH QTL 内。SNP ss715587475 位于 4 号染色体 24.9-Mb 位置，位于基因内Glyma04g21680与拟南芥中的SW 相关，可能是毛豆中 SW 的候选基因。有四个额外的 SNP 位于编码蛋白质的基因中，这些蛋白质可能与大豆中的植物生长和发育有关。识别和积累对种子大小和重量有利的等位基因将加强毛豆育种工作。