Stem cell therapies are successfully used in various fields of medicine. This new approach of research is also expanding in ophthalmology. Huge investments, resources and important clinical trials have been performed in stem cell research and in potential therapies. In recent years, great strides have been made in genetic research, which permitted and enhanced the differentiation of stem cells. Moreover, the possibility of exploiting stem cells from other districts (such as adipose, dental pulp, bone marrow stem cells, etc.) for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases, renders this topic fascinating. Furthermore, great strides have been made in biomedical engineering, which have proposed new materials and three-dimensional structures useful for cell therapy of the eye. The encouraging results obtained on clinical trials conducted on animals have given a significant boost in the creation of study protocols also in humans. Results are limited to date, but clinical trials continue to evolve. Our attention is centered on the literature reported over the past 20 years, considering animal (the most represented in literature) and human clinical trials, which are limiting. The aim of our review is to present a brief overview of the main types of treatments based on stem cells in the field of ophthalmic pathologies.

中文翻译：

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过去 20 年干细胞治疗眼病。

干细胞疗法已成功应用于医学的各个领域。这种新的研究方法也在眼科领域得到扩展。在干细胞研究和潜在疗法方面已经进行了大量投资、资源和重要的临床试验。近年来，基因研究取得了长足的进步，允许并增强了干细胞的分化。此外，利用其他地区的干细胞（如脂肪、牙髓、骨髓干细胞等）的可能性。) 用于治疗眼科疾病，使这个话题引人入胜。此外，生物医学工程也取得了长足的进步，提出了可用于眼部细胞治疗的新材料和三维结构。在动物身上进行的临床试验取得的令人鼓舞的结果极大地推动了人类研究方案的制定。结果仅限于日期，但临床试验仍在继续发展。我们的注意力集中在过去 20 年报道的文献上，考虑到动物（文献中代表性最多）和人体临床试验，它们是有限的。我们综述的目的是简要概述眼科病理领域基于干细胞的主要治疗类型。