Major technological advancements and recent policy support are improving the outlook for heavy-duty truck electrification in the United States. In particular, short-haul operations (≤200 miles (≤322 km)) are prevalent and early candidates for plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) given their short, predictable routes and return-to-base applications, which allows vehicles to recharge when off shift at their depots. Although previous studies investigated the impacts of added electrical loads on distribution systems, which included light-duty EVs, the implications for heavy-duty EV charging are underexplored. Here we summarize the causes, costs and lead times of distribution system upgrades anticipated for depot charging. We also developed synthetic depot charging load profiles for heavy-duty trucks from real-world operating schedules, and found that charging requirements are met at common light-duty EV charging rates (≤100 kW per vehicle). Finally, we applied depot charging load profiles to 36 distribution real-world substations, which showed that most can accommodate high levels of heavy-duty EV charging without upgrades.

重大技术进步和最近的政策支持正在改善美国重型卡车电气化的前景。特别是，短途运营（≤200 英里（≤322 公里））是插电式电动汽车 (EV) 的普遍和早期候选者，因为它们的路线短且可预测，而且返回基地的应用允许车辆充电在他们的仓库下班时。尽管之前的研究调查了增加电力负载对配电系统（包括轻型电动汽车）的影响，但对重型电动汽车充电的影响尚未得到充分探索。在这里，我们总结了预计用于仓库充电的配电系统升级的原因、成本和提前期。我们还根据现实世界的运营时间表为重型卡车开发了合成仓库充电负载曲线，并发现在常见的轻型 EV 充电率（每辆车≤100 kW）下可以满足充电要求。最后，我们将仓库充电负载配置文件应用于 36 个分布式现实世界变电站，这表明大多数变电站无需升级即可适应高水平的重型 EV 充电。