Organic agriculture is a production system that relies on prevention, ecological processes, biodiversity, mechanical processes, and natural cycles to control pests and maintain productivity. Pesticide use is generally limited or absent in organic agroecosystems, in contrast with non-organic (conventional) production systems that primarily rely on pesticides for crop protection. Significant differences in pesticide use between the two production systems markedly alter the relative dietary exposure and risk levels and the environmental impacts of pesticides. Data are presented on pesticide use on organic and non-organic farms for all crops and selected horticultural crops. The relative dietary risks that are posed by organic and non-organic food, with a focus on fresh produce, are also presented and compared. The results support the notion that organic farms apply pesticides far less intensively than conventional farms, in part because, over time on well-managed organic farms, pest pressure falls when compared to the levels on nearby conventional farms growing the same crops. Biopesticides are the predominant pesticides used in organic production, which work by a non-toxic mode of action, and pose minimal risks to human health and the environment. Consequently, eating organic food, especially fruits and vegetables, can largely eliminate the risks posed by pesticide dietary exposure. We recommend ways to lower the pesticide risks by increased adoption of organic farming practices and highlight options along organic food supply chains to further reduce pesticide use, exposures, and adverse worker and environmental impacts.

中文翻译：

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有机农业通过降低饮食风险减少对农药的依赖并促进公共卫生

有机农业是一种依靠预防、生态过程、生物多样性、机械过程和自然循环来控制害虫和保持生产力的生产系统。与主要依靠农药保护作物的非有机（传统）生产系统相比，有机农业生态系统中农药的使用通常有限或不使用。两种生产系统之间农药使用的显着差异显着改变了相对膳食暴露和风险水平以及农药对环境的影响。提供了所有作物和选定园艺作物的有机和非有机农场农药使用情况的数据。还介绍和比较了有机和非有机食品（以新鲜农产品为重点）带来的相对饮食风险。结果支持这样一种观点，即有机农场使用农药的强度远低于传统农场，部分原因是，随着时间的推移，管理良好的有机农场与附近种植相同作物的传统农场相比，害虫压力会下降。生物农药是有机生产中使用的主要农药，其作用方式无毒，对人类健康和环境造成的风险最小。因此，食用有机食品，尤其是水果和蔬菜，可以在很大程度上消除农药饮食暴露带来的风险。我们建议通过更多地采用有机农业实践来降低农药风险的方法，并强调有机食品供应链中的选择，以进一步减少农药的使用、接触以及对工人和环境的不利影响。